4.1 Atoms, Elements, and Crystals

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest particle of an element, composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Question 2

Atomic number

Answer 2

The number of protons in the nuclei of atoms of a particular element. The periodic table of the elements is arranged by atomic number.

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

A substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically bonded to each other.

Question 4

Covalent bond

Answer 4

A chemical bond which occurs when electrons are shared (rather than transferred) between two nonmetal atoms.

Question 5

Crystal

Answer 5

A solid in which atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns.

Question 6

Crystallization

Answer 6

The process of forming a crystal.

Question 7

Electron

Answer 7

A subatomic particle with a negative (-) electrical charge that is normally found in a cloud around the nucleus of an atom.

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

Question 9

Ionic bond

Answer 9

A chemical bond in which electrons are transferred from metal atoms to nonmetal atoms.

Question 10

Metallic bonding

Answer 10

A chemical bond between metal atoms, in which electrons float freely between metal ions.

Question 11

Neutron

Answer 11

A subatomic particle with about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge.

Question 12

Proton

Answer 12

A subatomic particle located in the nucleus of atoms, having a positive (+) electrical charge.