3.6 Heath and Politics Flashcards
What was growing between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland?
Sectarian clashes
Who did Heath back in parliament in Northern Ireland?
Brian Faulkner (UUP) who led the Belfast government
What was the UUP?
Ulster Unionist Party
Who was the Home Secretary under Heath?
Maudling
What approach did Maudling adopt?
A tough approach designed to curb the IRA
What was introduced in 1971?
Internment without trial
What did Maudling’s policies do?
Alienate the Catholic population
Who was Jim McVeigh?
An IRA commander
What did Jim McVeigh say about Maudling’s policies?
‘internment was among the best recruiting tools the IRA ever had’
Bloody Sunday: When was it?
30th January 1972
Bloody Sunday: Where did it happen?
The Catholic Bogside area of Derry
Bloody Sunday: What led to clashes with troops?
A civil rights march
Bloody Sunday: What was the result?
26 unarmed civilians were shot.
13 Catholic civilians
Many wounded
Bloody Sunday: What was burnt down as a result?
The British Embassy in Dublin
Bloody Sunday: Support for ______ grew because of this
The IRA
How many explosions were set off in 1972 linked to The Troubles?
1382
How many shootings happened as a result of the Troubles in 1972?
10,628
How many people died in 1972 as a result of the Troubles?
480
What did Heath suspend in March 1972?
Northern Ireland government
With the Northern Irish government closed, how was it governed?
Direct rule from Westminster
Who served as Secretary for Northern Ireland?
William Whitelaw
Why did direct rule not help?
The IRA continued to escalate
The Catholics hated the new system
Sunningdale: In December 1973, what did Whitelaw negotiate?
Power sharing
Sunningdale: What did power sharing give the Catholics?
Direct role in government (first time since 1920)
What was the power sharing agreement called?
Sunningdale Agreement
Sunningdale: What was the Sunningdale Agreement?
Power sharing executive meant both sides were represented
A new Assembly of Northern Ireland elected under a system of proportional representation
A council of Ireland that would have some input from the Republic of Ireland
Sunningdale: What was the problem with this agreement?
The social and economic problems faced by the Catholic minority had not been solved
Which loyalist groups were against the Sunningdale Agreement?
The UVF and the UDA
Who were the UVF?
Ulster Volunteer Force
Who were the UDA?
Ulster Defence Association
How many constituencies returned candidates opposed by Sunningdale?
11/12
What did the Local Government Act of 1972 do?
Removed historic counties
Created new boundaries
What historic counties did the Local Government Act of 1972 remove?
e.g. Rutland and the Isle of Ely
What new boundaries were created as a result of the Local Government Act of 1972?
e.g. Avon, Humberside, and Cleveland
What did Walker refuse to allow?
Partisan gerrymandering over the new boundaries
What is gerrymandering?
Political manipulation of electoral district boundaries with the intent to create undue advantage for a party
EEC: When did Britain join the EEC?
1973
EEC: Was Heath pro or anti-European?
Pro
EEC: What did Heath play down to get entry to the EEC?
The special relationship
EEC: Who was the President of France in 1971?
Pompidou
EEC: Who expressed concerns over sovereignty?
Powell
EEC: What did Heath accept?
That he could not change the EEC fundamentally
EEC: What did opinion polls show?
A lack of support for membership
