2.5 Wilson and Northern Ireland Flashcards
What led to the creation of Northern Ireland in 1922?
Northern Ireland was established following the Irish War of Independence in 1919-21.
Ireland was divided into 6 northern counties remaining with the UK and 26 southern counties becoming the Irish Free State (later the Republic of Ireland).
Why was the partition of Ireland contentious?
The partition faced controversy as unionists supported continued union with Britain, while nationalists advocated for a United Ireland.
There were complaints of discrimination from Catholics in Northern Ireland regarding jobs and housing, which went unaddressed.
What events led to violence erupting in 1968 in Northern Ireland?
Civil rights demonstrations against discrimination escalated into violence in Catholic areas of Londonderry’s Bogside and Belfast’s Falls Road.
Loyalist attacks on these protests resulted in 10 deaths, including a 9-year-old boy.
How did the situation in Northern Ireland worsen in 1969?
The annual march by loyalist Apprentice Boys in Derry was met with nationalist opposition, leading to riots.
The Royal Ulster Constabulary attempted to intervene in the Bogside, prompting two days of unrest.
Callaghan managed the crisis skillfully, and British troops replaced the RUC while the Protestant paramilitary force, the B Specials, was abolished.
What measures were taken to address the tensions in Northern Ireland?
A Downing Street Declaration prompted the formation of a non-party housing commission and addressed discrimination in jobs and politics.
The British army’s intervention was welcomed by Catholic communities, bringing some peace, but further efforts were needed by the summer of 1970.
