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Y12 - Britain: 1951 - 1979 > 3.19 British Culture and Society in the 1970s (Feminism) > Flashcards

3.19 British Culture and Society in the 1970s (Feminism) Flashcards

1
Q

When did the first Women’s Liberation meeting take place?

A

1970

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2
Q

What did radical separatists want?

A

Demanded feminism based on lesbian relationships

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3
Q

When was the first Gay Pride March?

A

1971

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4
Q

What did most feminists want?

A

Equality with family life and in relationships

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5
Q

What did the social feminists focus on?

A

They identified a clearer class dimension and campaigned on issues that would allow women to achieve financial independence

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6
Q

What happened at the 1970 Miss World Contest?

A
  • Disrupted as they felt it objectified women
  • Bob Hope was heckled
  • Protesters threw stink bombs on the stage
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7
Q

What did the 1971 demonstrations, organised by Women’s Lib, focus on?

A

Equal pay for nurses and free 24 hour nurseries

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8
Q

What two magazines were set up supporting the liberation movement?

A

The Shrew
Spare Rib

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9
Q

When did Cosmopolitan magazine arrive from the USA?

A

1972

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10
Q

What topics did Cosmopolitan deal with?

A

Abortion, sexuality, and contraception

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11
Q

Who did Cosmopolitan appeal to?

A

The mainstream with fashion and style too

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12
Q

Who was Cosmopolitan not popular with?

A

Militant feminists

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13
Q

What opened at universities that dealt with feminism?

A

Departments of Women’s Studies

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14
Q

Which research subjects took on feminist approaches?

A

Language, literature, anthropology, and history

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15
Q

When was birth control available for women in the UK?

A

1961 - for married women only

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16
Q

When did the pill become available on the NHS?

A

1971

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17
Q

When was the The Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act passed?

A

1976

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18
Q

What did the The Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act do?

A
  • Made it easier for women to gain protection from violent husbands
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19
Q

How many women had applied for injunctions in 1972?

A

300

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20
Q

By 1973, how many women had applied for injunctions?

A

3,000

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21
Q

When did the first rape crisis centre open?

A

1973 in London

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22
Q

What event was held in response to the Yorkshire Ripper murders?

A

Reclaim the Night marches

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23
Q

When were the Reclaim the Night marches?

A

1977

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24
Q

How many people thought that marriage was not old fashioned an obselete?

A

77%

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25
Q

How many people preferred living together to marriage?

A

1 out of 10

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26
Q

How many would marry if it was necessary in order to live together?

A

8 out of 10

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27
Q

The divorce rate rose slowly, what did that suggest?

A

It was not a destruction of marriage

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28
Q

When did the Equal Pay Act become operative?

A

1975

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29
Q

What did the Equal Pay Act do?

A

Made it illegal to discriminate between men and women in most areas of unemployment

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30
Q

When did Chiswick’s Women’s refuge open?

A

1971

31
Q

Who set up the Chiswick’s Women’s Refuge?

A

Erin Pizzey

32
Q

What did the Chiswick’s Women’s Refuge do?

A

Provided protection for women who were being abused by their husbands

33
Q

In 1974, what were women’s refuges consolidated under?

A

Women’s Aid

34
Q

What was published for the first time in 1972?

A

Spare Rib

35
Q

Who was Spare Rib published by?

A

Sue O’Sullivan and Amanda Sebestyen

36
Q

What kind of articles did Spare Rib publish?

A

Women’s experiences of education, family, health, and domestic violence

37
Q

When was the Night Cleaner’s Strike?

A

1972

38
Q

What was the Night Cleaner’s Strike?

A

The Women’s Liberation Movement wanted to unionise night cleaners

Resulted in greater awareness of their working conditions

39
Q

When was the rape crisis centre opened up in Scotland?

A

1976 Glasgow
1978 Edinburgh

40
Q

What did the rape crisis organisation do?

A

Provided coordination and support to member groups to raise awareness of the issues of sexual violence

41
Q

When was Virago formed?

A

1973

42
Q

Who formed Virago?

A

Carmen Callil

43
Q

What was the purpose of Virago?

A

Dedicated to publishing women’s literature and was set up to ‘drag women’s writing off the sidelines’

44
Q

When was the Sex Discrimination Act passed?

A

1975

45
Q

What did the Sex Discrimination Act do?

A

Made it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of sex or marital status in the field of employment, or in the provision of educational facilities, housing, goods and services

It made it unlawful to discriminate in advertisements in these areas

46
Q

What Commission was set up under the Sex Discrimination Act?

A

An Equal Opportunities Commission

47
Q

Why did the Equal Opportunities Commission find it difficult?

A
  • It was difficult to prove discrimination against sex
  • Between 1976 and 1983, only 10% of discrimination claims had been successful
48
Q

When was the Social Security Act passed?

A

1975

49
Q

Who led the campaign for the Social Security Act in parliament?

A

Barbara Castle

50
Q

What was the purpose of the Social Security Act?

A

State Earnings Related Pension Scheme which became more generous to women whose contributions had been limited by caring responsibilities.

51
Q

When was the Employment Protection Act?

A

1975

52
Q

What did the Employment Protection Act do?

A

Introduced paid maternity leave and outlawed dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy

53
Q

When was the National Abortion Campaign (NAC) formed?

A

1975

54
Q

Why was the National Abortion Campaign (NAC) formed?

A

To defend women’s rights to make decisions about their own bodies

55
Q

What is the General Synod?

A

The administrative body of the Church of England

56
Q

In 1975, what did the General Synod decide in terms of women?

A

There was ‘no fundamental objection to the ordination of women’

57
Q

When was the first woman ordained in the Church of England?

A

1994

58
Q

When were women actually allowed to be ordained in the Church of England?

A

1992

59
Q

What did the 1976 WLM Conference discuss?

A

Debates over the 6th demand, class and lesbianism

60
Q

When was the Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act passed?

A

1976

61
Q

What did the Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act do?

A

Enabled married women to obtain court orders against their violent husbands without divorce

Could order a man out of the matrimonial home

62
Q

What was the limitation of the Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act?

A

It did not apply to unmarried women

63
Q

When was the Grunswick Film Processing Laboratories Strike?

A

1976

64
Q

Who was the Grunswick Film Processing Laboratories Strike led by?

A

Jayaben Desai

65
Q

Who made up most of the strikers in the Grunswick Film Processing Laboratories Strike?

A

Working class Asian women

66
Q

What was the Grunswick Film Processing Laboratories Strike about?

A

Unfair dismissals of colleagues, pay inequality, and racist company practices

67
Q

What was the purpose of the Reclaim the Night marches?

A

To ‘demand justice for rape survivors’

68
Q

Where was the 1978 National WLM Conference?

A

Birmingham

69
Q

What demand was added to the first six at the National WLM Conference in 1978?

A

Freedom for all women from intimidation by the threat or use of violence or sexual coercion regardless of marital status; and an end to the laws, assumptions, and institutions which perpetuate male dominance and aggression to women.

70
Q

When was the Southall Black Sisters formed?

A

1979

71
Q

What was the purpose of the Southall Black Sisters?

A

To support all black and Asian women living in the UK

They provided legal advice and information, counselling and organised campaigns

72
Q

What problems still persisted for women by the end of the 1970s?

A
  • Continuance of inequality
  • Trade Unions dominated by men
  • The Equal Pay Act didn’t entirely work
73
Q

Why did the Equal Pay Act not entirely work?

A

Employers got around it by making tasks slightly different and therefore not comparable.

74
Q

When did the TUC publish Equality for Women Within Trade Unions?

A

1979

Y12 - Britain: 1951 - 1979 (55 decks)

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