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Y12 - Britain: 1951 - 1979 > 2.7 Wilson and Social and Cultural Change > Flashcards

2.7 Wilson and Social and Cultural Change Flashcards

1
Q

What had the age of affluence led to?

A

A more materialistic society

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2
Q

Who was greater violence associated with?

A

The Teddy Boys

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3
Q

What did the mid-50s see a cult of?

A

‘Angry young men’

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4
Q

Give an example of greater sexual realism in the arts

A

Lady Chatterley’s Lover

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5
Q

When did the Homicide Act abolish the death penalty?

A

1957

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6
Q

When did the Wolfenden Committee Report on Homosexuality and Prostitution?

A

1957

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7
Q

What supplanted cinema as a means of entertainment?

A

Television

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8
Q

In 1961, _____ of the population had a TV in their home and by 1971 it was _____

A

In 1961, 75% of the population had a TV in their home and by 1971 it was 91%

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9
Q

Who became the Director-General of the BBC in 1960?

A

Hugh Greene

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10
Q

What did Hugh Greene want to do with the BBC?

A

He wanted to transform it
- Guidelines on nudity and swearing were revised

  • A new style of news presentation was commissioned.
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11
Q

What channel launched in 1955?

A

ITV

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12
Q

What could grow as a result of the ITV launch?

A

Television advertising

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13
Q

BBC launched in…

A

1964

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14
Q

Which channel became the first to broadcast colour programmes regularly?

A

BB in 1967

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15
Q

Why did radios stay popular?

A

They were cheap, there were portable transistors, and the spread of car radios

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16
Q

Which radio station was favoured amongst teens?

A

Radio Luxembourg

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17
Q

What could people listen to after 1964?

A

‘pirate stations’

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18
Q

After the pirate stations were banned, what was set up?

A

BBC Radio One

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19
Q

When did The Sun launch?

A

1964

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20
Q

Who bought The Sun in 1969?

A

Rupert Murdoch

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21
Q

What percentage of time accounted for leisure time in 1969?

A

23%

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22
Q

What activities were popular in the 1960s?

A

DIY and gardening, cookery, needlework, and knitting

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23
Q

What types of events declined in the 1960s?

A

Live event attendance (theatre and football matches)

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24
Q

Car journeys made up ____% of journeys by 1974

A

77%

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25
Q

What grew in popularity as a result of cheaper cars?

A

Visiting shopping centres, golf, sailing, and caravvaning

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26
Q

What airway was founded in 1964?

A

Britainia Airway

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27
Q

Where did Britainia Airway fly to?

A

Spain, Canary Islands, Malta, Bulgaria, and North Africa

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28
Q

While flights abroad were on the rise, who were their primary buyer?

A

The middle classes

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29
Q

When did England win the World Cup?

A

1966

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30
Q

How did Wilson try to exploit football’s popularity

A

He was seen on the balcony of a west end hotel with Bobby Moore and other footballers

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31
Q

Who were the old role models of football?

A

Stanley Matthews and Tommy Lawton

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32
Q

How was George Best different from Stanley Matthews and Tommy Lawton?

A

He had long hair, a highly publicised sex life, and eventually lapsed into alcoholism.

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33
Q

Who did football attract?

A

Working class men

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34
Q

Which Anglo-French development began in 1962?

A

The development of the concorde

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35
Q

When was the first concorde flight?

A

1969

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36
Q

Why was the Post Office Tower (BT Tower now) significant?

A

It was the tallest building in Britain

It helped improve telecommunications

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37
Q

In 1950s, Penguin Books was prosecuted and acquitted for what novel?

A

Lady Chatterley’s Lover

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38
Q

What act abolished the Lord Chamberlain’s right to censor stage plays?

A

1968 Theatre’s Act

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39
Q

Which board censored films through the 1960s?

A

The British Board of Film Censors

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40
Q

What new satirical programmes began?

A

That Was The Week That Was

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41
Q

What satirical magazines began?

A

Private Eye

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42
Q

Which artists, styled Pop Art, represented a decline in permissive attitudes?

A

David Hockney

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43
Q

What became more acceptable on TV by the end of the 1960s?

A

Screen violence and sex

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44
Q

Did the new lack of censors create a wave of depravity?

A

No - they just legitimised changes that had already taken place in society

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45
Q

Who began the ‘Clean-up TV’ campaign in 1964

A

Mary Whitehouse

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46
Q

When was the National Viewers and Listeners Association set up?

A

1965

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47
Q

How many members did the National Viewers and Listeners Association have soon after it’s creation?

A

100,000

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48
Q

Overall, did Mary Whitehouse have much impact on the TV shows shown?

A

No.

49
Q

By 1970, how many women MPs were there?

A

26

50
Q

Give examples of women that Harold Wilson included in his cabinet.

A

Barbara Castle
Judith Hart
Shirley Williams
Peggy Herbison

51
Q

When was the Equal Pay Act signed?

A

1970

52
Q

When was the Sex Discrimination Act passed?

A

1975

53
Q

When did second-wave feminism begin?

A

It is said to have begun with Betty Friedan in the 1960s in the US

54
Q

What did the Feminine Mystique claim about women?

A

That women were unfulfilled with restrictive lives

55
Q

What percentage of women made up higher education students?

A

28%

56
Q

How many women ever achieved managerial posts in he 1960s?

A

5%

57
Q

Within the working class, what was the norm for women?

A

Education still carried a domestic slant, girls left school at the minimum age to get married

58
Q

What jobs did women often have to take?

A

Clerical or the service sector

59
Q

Why was it hard for working class women to work?

A

Childminders were rare in the 1960s aand private nurseries were only available for the wealthy

60
Q

Why was it difficult for any woman to work?

A

Working mothers were often portrayed as unnatural and selfish by the media

61
Q

When was the NHS Family Planning Act?

A

1967

62
Q

What was the NHS Family Planning Act?

A

Allowed local authorities to provide contraceptives and contraceptive advice for the first time

63
Q

How did the number of ‘illegitimate births’ rise between 1960 and 1970?

A

In 1960 - 5.8%
In 1970 - 8.2%

64
Q

When was the Abortion Act passed?

A

1967

65
Q

Give examples of feminist publications

A

Women: The Longest Revolution (1966) by Julliet Mitchell

Female Eunuch (1970) by Germaine Greer

66
Q

Which Committee for women was set up in 1969?

A

Women’s National Coordination Committee

67
Q

What was the Women’s National Coordination Committee?

A

Brought various strands of the feminist movement together

68
Q

When was the first National Women’s Liberation Conference held?

A

At Ruskin College, Oxford in 1970

69
Q

What did the National Women’s Liberation Conference demand?

A

Equal pay

Free contraception and abortion on request

Equal educational and job opportunities

Free 24 hour childcare

70
Q

What did the 1970 Matrimonial Property Act state

A

The work of a wife, whether in paid employment or in the home, should be taken into account during divorce proceedings

71
Q

What did the 1970 Equal Pay Act state?

A

It established the principle of equal pay for equal work - although it did not come into force until 1975

72
Q

What was the yearly average of divorces filed in England and Wales in the first half of the 1960s?

A

37,657

73
Q

What was the yearly average of divorces filed in England and Wales in the second half of the 1960s?

A

57,089

74
Q

According to opinion polls, what percentage of people were in favour of making divorce reform easier?

A

30-40%

75
Q

Attitudes towards premarital sex amongst the young became more…

A

Tolerant

76
Q

In 1963, what percentage of couples believed that premarital sex was wrong?

A

66%

77
Q

By the early 1970s, what percentage of couples believed that premarital sex was wrong?

A

10%

78
Q

What did the sleeve of Jimi Hendrix’s album ‘Electric Lady Land’ feature?

A

21 nude models

79
Q

What did Muggeridge write about the nation’s obsession with sex?

A

‘the orgasm has replaced the Cross as the focus of longing’

80
Q

When did the pill become available on the NHS

A

1969

81
Q

By 1970, what percentage of single women relied on the pill?

A

Only 9%

82
Q

Who had great opposition to the introduction of the pill?

A

The Catholic Church

83
Q

Promiscuity was rare. True or false?

A

True

84
Q

What percentage of 25 year old men interviewed had said they had intercourse with more than one partner over the last year?

A

17%

85
Q

In 1969, out of 500 schools sampled, how many gave direct information about the methods of contraception?

A

10%

86
Q

How did people surveyed feel about homosexuality?

A

12% ‘tolerant’
24% ‘revulsion’
22% ‘pity’

87
Q

When was the first teenager charged with posession of marijuana?

A

1952

88
Q

By 1967, how many people had been prosecuted for possession of marijuana?

A

2,500

89
Q

Which drugs were on the rise during the 1960s?

A

LSD
Cocaine and heroin addictions were 10x more prevalent

90
Q

What did the 1967 Dangerous Drugs Act do?

A

Made it unlawful to possess drugs like cannabis and cocaine

91
Q

What did the 1968 Wootton Report suggest?

A

Legalising soft drugs

92
Q

Who rejected the recommendations of the Wootton Report?

A

Callaghan

93
Q

In 1970, supplying drugs carried what sentence?

A

Maximum of 14 years

94
Q

In 1967, what percentage thought that dealing ‘soft’ drugs should be a criminal offence?

A

88%

95
Q

In 1967, what percentage thought that taking ‘soft’ drugs should be a criminal offence?

A

77%

96
Q

38% of people questioned in February 1970 considered what to be the biggest threat to law and order?

A

Drug dealers

97
Q

When was the death penalty abolished?

A

1967

98
Q

What happened in Clacton in 1964?

A

1,000 mods caused havoc, clashing with rockers and the police

99
Q

Which seaside areas in particular were a point of violence on bank holidays in 1964?

A

Margate, Brighton, and Bournemouth

100
Q

In the 1960s, how many people were in favour of the death penalty?

A

Between 61% and 82%

101
Q

When did the Conservative Party succeed in forcing a vote on the restoration of capital punishment?

A

1969

102
Q

What did young people clash with their parents over?

A

Fashion, music, and moral standards

103
Q

What was used more than illegal drugs, according to a 1969 study amongst young people?

A

Alcohol, tobacco and caffeine.

104
Q

Give examples of the photographers that helped create the supermodel

A

David Bailey

Terence Donovan

105
Q

Give examples of supermodes from the 1960s

A

Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton

106
Q

Which road in London became the centre of the fashion world?

A

The King’s Road

Carnaby Street epitomised ‘cool swinging London’

107
Q

Who is believed to have created the mini skirt?

A

Mary Quant in 1965

108
Q

Who revolutionised hairdressing?

A

Vidal Sassoon

109
Q

Who revolutionised furniture through the company, Habitat?

A

Terence Conran

110
Q

Did everyone get involved in this new ‘soho lifestyle’?

A

No - lots tried out the mini skirt and listened to The Beatles but were far removed from Soho

111
Q

What youth cultures emerged in the 1960s?

A

Skinheads and hippies

112
Q

Activism grew amongst the youth in the 1960s. Which war is an example of this?

A

Anti-Vietnam War demonstrations

113
Q

When was the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign set up?

A

1966

114
Q

Explain what happened at Gosvenor Square in March 1968

A
  • 17th March 1968
  • Violent protest took place
  • 200 people arrested
115
Q

In October 1968, how many people took part in the Anti-Vietnam demonstrations?

A

30,000

116
Q

What happened to a speaker on the Vietnam War from the American Embassy?

A

He was covered in red paint

117
Q

How many Conservative MPs were attached in Essex over Vietnam?

A

Two

118
Q

What happened to Denis Healey over Vietnam?

A

He almost had his car turned over by Cambridge students

119
Q

What does Morgan argue about the permissive era?

A

That it had no political implications at all

Y12 - Britain: 1951 - 1979 (55 decks)

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