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Y12 - Britain: 1951 - 1979 > 3.4 Heath and the Unions > Flashcards

3.4 Heath and the Unions Flashcards

1
Q

What industrial disputes were happening at the start of Heath’s premiership?

A

Dockers strike, large pay settlement for dustmen, postal workers strike and ‘go-slow’ by power workers (led to power cuts)

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2
Q

When was the Industrial Relations Bill under Heath?

A

1971

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3
Q

What did the Industrial Relations Bill abolish?

A

National Board for Prices and Income

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4
Q

What were the points of the 1971 Industrial Relations Bill?

A

Agreements between employers and workers were to be legally enforceable.

The closed shop was to be banned

An Industrial Court was set up to try cases.

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5
Q

Who opposed the Industrial Relations Bill?

A

Labour (despite the fact that In Place of Strife was quite similar)

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6
Q

How did the TUC continue to operate as normal?

A

They used legal loopholes

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7
Q

Who were the Pentonville Five?

A

5 shop stewards in London in 1972

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8
Q

What happened as a result of the arrest of the Pentonville 5?

A

Their case threatened a strike

Deadlock had been reached

The Pentonville Five were released

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9
Q

Why were the Pentonville Five arrested?

A

For refusing to obey a court order to stop picketing a container depot in East London

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10
Q

What was the 1972 Industry Act?

A

Aimed to involve the government, TUC, and CBI in agreeing wages, prices, investments, and benefits

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11
Q

How many working days were used on strikes in 1972

A

23 million (the highest since the General Strike of 1926)

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12
Q

Who went on strike during 1972?

A

Miners, ambulance drivers, firefighters, civil servants, power workers, hospital staff, and engine drivers.

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13
Q

What had the government abandoned by the First Miners Strike?

A

Prices and Incomes Board

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14
Q

Between 1957 and 1972, how many jobs were cut at the National Coal Board?

A

700,000 to 300,000

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15
Q

Who was the NUM president?

A

Joe Gormley

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16
Q

What is the NUM?

A

National Union of Miners

17
Q

What had Gormley managed to secure in terms of miner’s wages?

A

14% increase in 1971 and then lodged a big claim in 1972

18
Q

How much of an increase was offered to the miners in 1971-2?

A

8%

19
Q

When did the First Miners Strike begin?

A

January 1972

20
Q

What did the government set up to examine miners demands during the First Miners Strike?

A

Wilberforce Committee

21
Q

What did the government declare as a result of the First Miners Strike?

A

A state of emergency with planned blackouts to conserve energy reserves

22
Q

What did the government sanction increases of after the First Miners Strike?

A

17-24%

23
Q

When did the miners go back to work after the First Miners Strike?

A

February 1972

24
Q

How much did the Pay Board offer the miners in November 1973?

A

13% to counter dissatisfaction with the pay freeze

25
Q

What did the NUM do as a result of the Pay Board offer?

A

Refused to ballot its members on it - they imposed an overtime ban

26
Q

How did the Oil Crisis help the miners?

A
  • Coal became cheap energy over oil
27
Q

What did the deficit of over £1bn in 1973 become by 1974?

A

Over £3bn

28
Q

Who was drafted in to help make headway?

A

Whitelaw (from his job as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland)

29
Q

In December 1973, what did the government implement to help save energy?

A

A three-day week

30
Q

How did the British public respond to this three-day week?

A

Some relished in reliving the hardships of the 1940s and shared wartime stories

31
Q

How much was manufacturing production in the first quarter of 1974?

A

95% - not as drastic as expected

32
Q

What happened to the nature of strikes under Heath?

A

Government became more involved and striking became political

33
Q

Which years had record numbers of days lost due to the strikes?

A

1972, 1974, and 1979

34
Q

What tactics did younger, more radical union leaders use?

A

More radical tactics such as flying pickets

Y12 - Britain: 1951 - 1979 (55 decks)

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