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Y12 - Britain: 1951 - 1979 > 3.18 Foreign Policy in the 1970s > Flashcards

3.18 Foreign Policy in the 1970s Flashcards

1
Q

How did Heath feel about the EEC?

A

Passionately pro-European

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2
Q

Who was the president of France while Heath was Prime Minister?

A

Pompidou

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3
Q

Who argued that Britain would be losing sovereignity if they joined the EEC?

A

Powell

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4
Q

What did Powell do while the EEC was being discussed in Parliament?

A

He voted against the passage of the European bill through Parliament every step of the way

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5
Q

When did Powell refuse to stand as a Conservative?

A

February 1974

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6
Q

What did Powell tell his supporters to do during the 1974 election?

A

Vote Labour

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7
Q

How did Labour feel about entry to the EEC?

A

Deeply divided

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8
Q

Who, in the Labour Party, was mostly hostile to EEC membership?

A

Labour Left

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9
Q

How did Wilson feel about the EEC?

A

Neither strongly for or against

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10
Q

How did Wilson keep the party together over EEC membership?

A

He promised a renegotiation and a national referendum

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11
Q

When did Britain join the EEC?

A

January 1973

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12
Q

Why were some people worried about Britain’s late entry to the EEC?

A

They would suffer by not being part of the formative years

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13
Q

How did Wilson exploit EEC entry?

A

Opinion polls showed a lack of support

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14
Q

What helped Britain’s application to the EEC?

A

Final secret negotiations between Heath and Pompidou

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15
Q

Who did Wilson include in his cabinet?

A

Both right and left-wingers

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16
Q

What did Shirley Williams say she would do if a referendum went against entry to the EEC?

A

She would leave the party

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17
Q

What did Wilson do, in relation to the EEC, in 1975?

A

Hold a referendum

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18
Q

What did Wilson allow his MPs in relation to the EEC?

A

He allowed them to campaign according to their views rather than a party line

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19
Q

Which side did Wilson and Callaghan campaign for?

A

Neither - they argued that they were neutral

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20
Q

What did a 1975 survey show about company chairmen and their desires for the EEC membership?

A

Of 419 company chairman, only 4 wanted to leave the EEC

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21
Q

What did Castle and Foot say that their objections to the EEC were?

A

It was bad for British workers

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22
Q

What did Benn, Powell, and Paisley say their objections to the EEC were?

A

Britain would lose independence

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23
Q

How many people voted ‘yes’ to staying in the EEC in July 1975?

A

17 million (68.3%)

24
Q

How many people voted ‘no’ to staying in the EEC in July 1975?

A

8 million (32.5%)

25
Q

How much did the government give both sides of the referendum to campaign?

A

£125,000

26
Q

Why did Jenkins leave parliament in 1976?

A

To become a European Commissioner in 1977

27
Q

Who did Heath want to focus foreign policy on?

A

Europe

28
Q

What alliance was Heath less inclined to strengthen?

A

Atlantic Alliance

29
Q

What attempts by Henry Kissinger did Heath reject?

A

Attempts to use Britain as a link with Europe

He said they should negotiate with Europe themselves

30
Q

What was Heath and Nixon’s relationship like?

A

They got on

31
Q

Why did Anglo-American relations worsen in Yom Kippur?

A

The US wanted to use NATO bases in Europe for an airlift of supplies to Israel

Most European states refused permission for this

32
Q

What did Nixon fail to inform Heath of?

A

That US forces had been put on DEFCON 3 (nuclear alert)

33
Q

How did Heath learn about US forces being on DEFCON 3?

A

Press reports

34
Q

What did Heath say about learning about US forces being on DEFCON 3?

A

‘I have found considerable alarm as to what use the Americans would have been able to make of their forces here without in any way consulting us or considering the British interests’

35
Q

How did Wilson and Callaghan feel about the Atlantic Alliance?

A

They were still keen on it

36
Q

Who forged a strong relationship with Kissinger?

A

Callaghan

37
Q

What were the Polaris missiles replaced with in 1979?

A

Trident

38
Q

Who was keen on the Atlantic Alliance?

A

Wilson and Callaghan

39
Q

What shared foreign policy did Britain and the USA have?

A

Holding back communism

40
Q

How did relations with the USSR and China develop during the 1970s?

A

They improved

41
Q

During the 1970s, there was a detente with the USSR. What does detente mean?

A

The easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries.

42
Q

What were the continuing underlying fears of the USSR?

A

Their influence in Eastern Europe

43
Q

Who was Georgi Markov?

A

He defected to the west in 1969

44
Q

Why was Markov a target?

A

He was outspoken in his criticism of the Bulgarian communist regime

45
Q

When was Markov assassinated?

A

1978 in London

46
Q

How was Markov supposedly killed?

A

Poisonous pellet fired from an umbrella

47
Q

Who was suspected to be behind the Markov assassination?

A

The KGB

48
Q

Where had China shown support for other communists?

A

Korea and Vietnam

49
Q

When did Nixon announce a thawing of relations between the USA and China?

A

1976

50
Q

When was Nixon’s visit to China to meet Mao Zedong?

A

February 1972

51
Q

When did Mao Zedong lead China?

A

1949 - 1976

52
Q

When did Leonid Brezhnev lead the USSR?

A

1964 - 1982

53
Q

When did Britain and China exchange ambassadors?

A

March 1972

54
Q

What title was awarded to Heath by China?

A

People’s Friendship Envoy

55
Q

Who visited Britain in October 1979?

A

Hua Guofeng

56
Q

Who was Hua Guofeng?

A

Leader of China between 1976 and 1981

Y12 - Britain: 1951 - 1979 (55 decks)

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