3. Social Affiliation and Attraction Flashcards
Baumeister & Leary published a groundbreaking paper in 1995 that proposed “Human beings have a fundamental need to f____ and m____ a m____ quantity of l____, p____ and s____ i____relationships” “We need relationships to s____ and t____”
form, maintain, minimum, lasting, positive, significant interpersonal
survive and thrive
The evolutionary perspective of the need to belong:
- Early humans lived in s____ groups surrounded by a d____ environment
- Adaptive to be s____ and c____: more likely to s____, m____ and r____
- Our species evolved and became characterised by people who were c____ to others, c____ and sought a____
- small, difficult
- social, caring, survive, mature, reproduce
- close, caring, acceptance
People have a f____ need for s____ c____
fundamental, social connection
Four broad pieces of evidence for the fact our need to belong is fundamental human need:
1. Relationships are e____ to f____ and d____ to b____
2. Without close connections, we s____
3. Our need to belong can be s____
4. The need to belong is u____
- easy, form, difficult, break
- suffer
- satiated
- universal
Social bonds being easy to form and difficult to break is supported by the fact babies instantly form a____ and we have d_____ e____ relationships.
attachments
difficulty ending
Rejection hurts… it results is p____, reduced w____ and i____ functioning. In addition, lack of social network is a strong predictor of i____ and m____.
pain, wellbeing, intellectual
illness and mortality
People spend less time with friends when in a r____ r____
romantic relationship
P____ daily social interactions are associated with g____ l____ s____
Pleasant, greater life satisfaction
The top 10% happiest people are h____ s____ and have the s____, most s____ and f____ relationships
highly social, strongest, satisfying, fulfilling
In an experiment into “weak” ties, pts instructed to e____ with barista felt h____ due to a greater sense of b____
engage, happier, belonging
E____ with and being k____ to others benefits w____
Engaging, kind, wellbeing
Positive interactions help us recognise v____ of o____ and feel c____
value, others, connected
In “weak” ties interactions, we tend to underestimate how h____ target will feel, how much people l____ us after a conversation and the p____ e____ of our kind acts and expressions of gratitude
happy, like, positive effects
Evidence suggests there are benefits to interacting with a w____, d____ variety of relationships in our lives
wider, diverse
Relational diversity of people’s social profile can be defined as the r____ and e____ of relationship types across one’s social interactions
richness and evenness
Relational diversity captures how many d____ relationship t____ and how e____ interactions are d____ among types
different, types, evenly, distributed
In a study looking at relational diversity and health and wellbeing, the researchers replicated the benefits of a____ of i____ and found b____ of relational diversity
amount of interactions, benefits
Attraction can be defined as e____ another person p____.
evaluating, positively
We are often attracted to people whose presence is r____
rewarding
The three main forces that attract are:
1. R____
2. S____
3. F____ (P____)
- Reciprocity
- Similarity
- Familiarity (Proximity)
Reciprocity refers to the fact we like people w____ l____ u____
who like us
We like other more after k____ t____ l____ u____. Especially when they like us s____ (not just everyone)
Knowing they like us
Specifically
Similarity refers to the fact we like people who a____ l____ u____, especially when they have similar b____, i____ and share a____ and v____.
are like us
backgrounds, interests, attitudes, values
We t____ other more when we are similar. We also feel a____ others will l____ us and enjoy spending t____ with similar others.
trust, assured, like, time
In terms of p____, similarity doesn’t really matter. Actual t____ (e.g. agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability) matter more than similarity in t____. These t____ generally make it more e____ to interact with people.
personality
traits, traits, traits, enjoyable
P____ similarity makes people like each other more than a____ similarity. P____ similarity increases the more relationships p____. This is why o____ o____ may see actual dissimilarities and wrongly conclude that o____ a____
Perceived, actual
Perceived, progress
Outside observers
Opposites attract
Familiarity (or proximity) refers to the people who, by c____, you s____ and i____ with the most are most likely to become f____ or r____ p____
chance, see, interact, friends, romantic partners
In the MIT Housing study, 65% of the residents had at least one friend who lived in t____ o____ b____. But those living in the same building represented only __% of all residents
their own building
5%
Familiarity works because:
1. We have an i____ o____ to meet people who live close to us
2. We tend to like things more after we have been r____ e____ to them and they become more f____ to us. This is called the m____ e____ effect
- increased opportunity
- repeatedly exposed, familiar, mere exposure effect
