11. Stereotypes I Flashcards
Contemporary definition (APA) of stereotypes:
G____ b____ about or e____ from members of a g____
Generalised beliefs, expectations, group
Stereotypes are not necessarily f____ or i____. Stereotypes can be c____ and sometimes describe groups on average a____.
fixed, inaccurate, changeable, accurately
Stereotypes are c____-based beliefs applied to i____ p____
category, individual people
Stereotypes are the c____ component of attitudes towards a social group, b____ about what a particular group is like
In contrast, prejudice is a____ (feeling) and discrimination is b____ (action) component of an attitude
cognitive, beliefs
affective, behaviour
Schemas are cognitive f____ for o____, i____ and r____ information
frameworks
organising, interpreting, recalling
Why do we form and use stereotypes?
1. Categorising for e____ - sometimes we act as “c____ m____” where the l____ cognitive e____ is preferable
2. M____ purpose - feel p____ about group i____ in comparison to other social groups
- efficiency, “cognitive misers”, least, effort
- Motivational, positive, identity
Stereotyping and limited resources:
- Pts presented with information from a l____ t____
- Designed so it drew on stereotypes that would suggest d____ g____
- Objectively, information was a____
- Pts were either m____ people or e____ people
- Tested either early morning or in evening
–> morning - evening people have l____ r____
–> evening - morning people have l____ r____
- Found a s____ r____ on stereotypes when cognitive resources are s____
- legal trial
- defendant’s guilt
- ambiguous
- morning, evening
- little resources
- little resources
- stronger reliance, scarce
Early approaches to stereotyping were largely d____:
- W____ groups are stereotyped and h____?
- Reliance on a___ h____ and endless lists of t____
descriptive
what, how
ad hoc
traits
According to Fiske et al. (2002), stereotyped about most groups contain just __ underlying dimensions
two
Negative consequences of “positive” stereotypes:
1. When not s____, women were perceived as less h____, c____ and r____ than men
2. N____-s____ women were rated less happy, warm, relaxed and carefree than women with n____ p____ - whereas this wasn’t the case for men
3. D____ s____ applied to men and women - if women don’t express warm n____ behaviour as expected by b____ stereotypes, they face harsher c____
4. Positive stereotypes have c____ - one gets p____ for not confirming them
- smiling, happy, carefree, relaxed
- Non-smiling, no photo
- Double standard, nonverbal, benevolent, critique
- costs, penalised
Stereotypes influence cognitive processing:
1. Where we direct a____ –> a____ to stereotype-c____ information
2. How we i____ information –> i____ a____ information in line with stereotypes
3. What we r____ –> r____ more stereotype-c____ information, forget otherwise
4. How we g____ information –> ask questions to c____ our beliefs
- attention, attend, consistent
- interpret, interpret ambiguous
- remember, consistent
- gather, confirm
Stereotypes influence how we gather info…
1. Pt “interviewers” were led to believe that an interviee was either i____ or e____
2. They selected questions from a p____ l____
3. Chose questions likely to c____ e____
- introverted, extroverted
- prepared list
- confirm expectations
Stereotypes are very i____
influential
The Stereotype Content Model states stereotypes are down to two dimensions:
1. C____
2. W____
- Competence
- Warmth
Warmth is related to c____ and competence is related to s____
competition, status
- The response to high competence and low warmth is e____
- The response to high competition and high warmth is a____
- The response to low competence and low warmth is c____
- The response to low competence and high warmth is p____
- Envy
- Admiration
- Contempt
- Paternalism
