15. Collective Action Flashcards
Collective action is “a group member engages in collective action anytime that he or she is acting as a r____ of the group and the action is d____ at i____ the c____ of the e____ group.”
“any action that p____ the i____ of one’s i____ or is conducted in p____ s____”
representative, directed, improving, condition, entire
promotes, interests, in-group, political solidarity
An individual can engage in collective action a____
alone
People can engage in collective action to d____ o____ g____. This is called s____-based collection action or a____
defend other groups
solidarity, allyship
Collective actions can be performed by larger collectives (e.g. d____, r____) as well as by s____ i____ acting as r____ of their group (e.g. s____ a p____, c____ a d____ act, burning a car)
demonstrations, riots, single individuals, representatives, signing, petition, confronting discriminatory
Collective action may seek to:
1. A____ an existing h____
2. D____ or e____ an existing h____ or create a n____ h____
- Attenuate, hierarchy
- Defend, enhance, hierarchy, new hierarchy
Grievances:
1. People generally take collective action to o____ an i____ against a group b____ on an outgroup
2. Greater p____ i____ against one’s group is associated with greater e____ in collective action
3. Grievances are at the heart of both n____ and v____ collective action
4. Grievances can be of different types: s____, e____, p____, e____
- oppose, injustice, blamed
- perceived injustice, engagement
- nonviolent, violent
- social, economic, political, environmental
The Relative Deprivation theory states that what matters is people’s s____ sense of d____ (r____ to some r____ p____) rather than their o____ d____
subjective, deprivation
relative, reference point
objective deprivation
Relative deprivation rests on s____ c____. Deprivation can result from comparison with:
1. An o____
2. The in-groups p____ s____
3. A d____ situation for the ingroup
social comparison
1. outgroup
2. past situation
3. desired
Group efficacy is the b____ that it is p____ to address g____ through c____ a____
belief, possible, grievances, collective action
Meta-analysis by van Zomeren et al. (2008) shows that efficacy p____ positively predict collective action
perceptions
The social identity approach states that individuals take collective action on b____ of groups they i____ with
behalf, identify
Meta-analysis by van Zomeren et al., 2008 shows correlational and causal links of d____ p____ effects of social i____ with a d____ group or social m____ on collective action
direct positive, identification, disadvantaged, movement
Social identity has both direct and indirect effects on collective action. Indirect effects:
1. Identification with one’s group is linked to stronger feelings of i____ against one’s group, which leads to greater collective action e____
2. Identification with one’s group is linked to a stronger sense of e____ to a____ the desired social c____ for the group, which leads to greater collective action e____
- injustice, engagement
- efficacy, achieve, change, engagement
A____ reactions to injustice are more p____ predictors than p____ of injustice or relative d____. A____ is a p____ emotion associated with collective action.
Affective, powerful, perceptions, deprivation
Anger, prototypical
Different e____ can predict different t____ of collective action.
Group-based a____ toward the outgroup is p____ associated with n____ forms of collective action.
Emotions other than anger may be at play with v____ collective action… c____
emotions, types
anger, positively, nonviolent
violent, contempt
Two types of identity are important for motivating collective action:
1. Identification with a d____ g____
2. P____ identification
- disadvantaged group
- Politicised
Simon & Klandermans (2001) found that p____ i____ (identification with a social movement) is a more p____ predictor of collective action than identification with the d____ g____
politicised identification
proximal
disadvantaged group
The Dual pathway model of collective action (Sturmer & Simon, 2004) states there are two pathways to collective action:
1. I____ pathway (i____ motivation)
2. I____ pathway (c____-b____ calculations - e____ motivation)
- Identity, intrunsic
- Instrumental, cost-benefit, extrinsic
Instrumental pathway of collective action includes:
1. C____ motive
2. S____ motive
3. R____ motive
- Collective
- social
- reward
The Identity pathway of the Dual pathway model of collective action (Sturmer & Simon, 2004) includes:
1. The s____ i____ approach (Tajfel & Turner, 1979)
2. P____ i____ as the main p____ predictor of collective action
- social identity
- politicised identification, proximal
The Instrumental pathway of the Dual pathway model of collective action (Sturmer & Simon, 2004) is built on the e____-v____ theory - behaviour results from the v____ of the e____ o____ of that behaviour
- expected-value, value, expected outcomes
Collective motive in the Dual pathway model of collective action (Sturmer & Simon, 2004):
1. V____ of the collective benefits the movement seeks to acquire
2. E____ a____ of the collective benefits through collective action
- Value
- Expected achievement
Social motive of the Dual pathway model of collective action (Sturmer & Simon, 2004) means collective action happens within s____ n____ (e.g. f____, f____, c____-w____)
social networks, family, friends, co-workers
The social motive of the Dual pathway model of collective action (Sturmer & Simon, 2004) states the more c____ an individual is to others:
1. who e____ protesting (e____)
2. whom they c____ about (v____)
… the more likely they are to take part in collective action. This is called called the n____ motive
connected
1. encourage, expectancy
2. care, value
normative (norms surrounding participation)
The reward motive in the Dual pathway model of collective action (Sturmer & Simon, 2004) states that p____ o____ affect whether people take part in collective action. Individuals are more motivated to engage if they expect important p____ b____ from engagement - e.g. s____ c____ (fun with friends). Individuals are less motivated to engage if they expect important personal c____/l____ from engagement - e.g. risks from r____ (losing ones j____, risk to s____, a____)
personal outcomes, personal benefits, social contact
costs/losses, repression, job, safety, arrests
The instrumental pathway of the Dual pathway model of collective action (Sturmer & Simon, 2004) is also built on the r____-c____ theory - c____ b____ of social movement participation are i____ because people may f____-r____, so they need s____ b____ for participation (i____)
rational-choice, collective benefits, insufficient, free-ride, selective benefits, incentives
Motivating collective action involves activating the drivers of collective action:
1. I____
2. E____
3. I____ and a____
4. S____ n____
5. B____
- Identity
- Efficacy
- Injustice and anger
- Social networks
- Benefits
