28. Schizophrénie Flashcards

1
Q

Si tb de comportement chez ado ou adultes.. ne pas oublier ddx

A

de schizophrénie

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2
Q

Chez pt schizophrènes, ré-évaluer périodiquement

A

avec hx collaétrale

  • sx positifs et négatifs
  • auotnomie au niveau des AVQ, fonctionnement social
  • idées hétéro-agressives
    observance des rx
  • consommaiton de substances
  • aptitude
  • Medical sidee effects: EPS, hyperprolactinemia, cardiometabolic risk (weight gain, diabetes,
    dyslipidermia), anticholinergic, antihistamine (sedation), antiadrenergic (orthostatic hypotension)
  • Substance use
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3
Q

Critères dx schizophrène

A

≥2 for most of the month (with one of the first three)

Delusions (eg. perscution, passivity [thoughts/actions controlled by external force])
Hallucinations

Disorganized Speech
Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms (eg. avolition, diminished emotional expression)

Marked dysfunction
r/o schizoaffective, depression, bipolar

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4
Q

Critères dx tb délirant

A
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5
Q
A
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6
Q

ddx psy épisode psychotique (11)

A

o Trouble psychotique bref : mininum 1 sx (de 1 à 3) et durée >1jour-1mois
o Trouble schizophréniforme : mininum 2 sx et durée >1 mois - < 6 mois
o Schizophrénie
o Trouble psychotique lié à une substance : délires/hallucinations 2e intox ou sevrage d’une substance
o Trouble psychotique lié à une affection médication
o Trouble schizoaffectif : Épisode d’humeur + >2sem de délires/hallucinations en l’absence d’atteinte
d’humeur
o Trouble bipolaire type 1 avec caractéristiques psychotiques
o Trouble dépressif avec caractéristiques psychotiques
o Trouble de personnalité (shizotypique, TPL)
o PTSD
o TDAH, trouble d’opposition, trouble de conduite

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7
Q

ddx médical

A
  • Substance-induced psychotic disorder

Medical
Autoimmune (SLE, MS)
Infection (HIV, Neurosyphilis, HSV encephalitis, Lyme, Prion disorders)
Endocrine (Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal)
Metabolic (Wilson’s disease, acute intermittent porphyria)
Dementia
Neurologic (trauma, lesion, seizure, stroke)
B12 deficiency
Malignancy
Medication

Delirium

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8
Q

Hx épisode psychotique

A

Symptoms
Function
Suicide
Head trauma (r/o subdural hematoma)
Recent stressors and Supports
Substance use
Medication and adherence
Family Hx
Collateral

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9
Q

Investigations

A

CBC +/- blood culture
Electrolytes
LFT
TSH
Syphilis screen
HIV
UA +/- urine culture
Urine drug screen
B12
Consider Head CT/MRI
Consider baseline EKG, lipids

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10
Q

Atypical antipsychotics (7)

A
  • Risperidone 0.5 mg BID max 4mg die (car EP) prolactine; pic 1-2h ad 20-24h
  • olanzapine (zyprexa) 5mg géri 2.5mg max 30
    pic 5-8h demi-vie 21-54h début
  • quétiapine
  • clozapine (clozaril) * risque d’agranulocytose
  • ziprasidone (geodon) risque QT
  • Aripiprazole (Abilify) injection q1 mois

Paliperidoe (invega) q 3mois

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11
Q

Agitation PRN Cocktail (HAB)

A

Loxapine 25-50mg PO/IM q1-2h or

Haldol 5mg IM q1-2h (max 4/24h)
Ativan 1-2mg PO/IM q1-2h
Benadryl 25-50mg PO/IM q1-2h

2-2-25 IM

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12
Q

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)

A

Acute Dystonia (hours-5days, involuntary contractions of major muscle groups)

Akathisia (restlessness, most common EPS)
Beta-blocker - Propranolol 10mg (to 40mg) PO BID
Anticholinergic - Benztropine 1-2mg PO BID
Benzodiazepine - Lorazepam 0.5mg PO BID

Parkinsonism (mask facies, resting tremor, rigidity, shuffling gait, bradykinesia)
Anticholinergic - Benztropine 1-2mg PO BID
Non-anticholinergic - Amantadine 100mg PO BID-TID
Tardive dyskinesia (years of treatment - lip smacking, facial grimace, jaw movements, choreiform movements of extremities/trunk)

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13
Q

Acute Dystonia tx

A

Acute Dystonia (hours-5days, involuntary contractions of major muscle groups)

Severe - Benztropine 1-2mg IM/IV or Diphenhydramine 25mg IM
Mild - Benztropine 1-2mg PO daily

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