25. Motivation and Behavior Flashcards
a result of nature (physiology) and nurture (culture and society) — a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
motivations
can totally affect behavior based on needs and desires
motivations
a complex, unlearned behavior that rigidly patterned throughout a species (salmon swimming upstream; rooted in self)
instincts
pos or neg stimuli that motivate behavior (smelling pizza increases hunger drive)
incentives
fundamental biological and psychological needs (food, security, procreation, social acceptance, companionship)
needs
food, security, procreation, social acceptance, companionship
needs
the physiological and psychological arousal that compels us to satisfy our needs (hunger, thirst, sleep, sex, temp, etc.)
drives
hunger, thirst, sleep, sex, temp, etc.
drives
maintenance of a steady internal state
homeostasis
(homeostasis) 1. _________ of any aspect of 2. _____ ______ like blood 3. _____ sugar
- regulation
- body chemistry
- sugar
(homeostasis) 1. ___ _____ regulation 2. ______ to 3. _______ 4. ______ changes
- body temp
- responding
- outside
- temp
(homeostasis) 1. ________ regulation seeking certain levels of 2. _______ or other 3. ________
- neurological
- happiness
- arousals
idea that a physiological need creates an arousal tension that motivates organism to satisfy a need (eat or drink)
drive reduction theory
according to the arousal theory of motivation, each person has a unique arousal level that is right for them
arousal theory
didn’t social enough –> feels lonely –> drive to be w/ people
arousal theory
socialized too much –> tired/exhaustion/uninterested –> drive to be alone
arousal theory
when our 1. _______ levels drop below these 2. ________ mandated 3. _________ levels, we seek 4. _______ to 5. _______ them
- arousal
- individually
- optimal
- stimulation
- elevate
appetite stimulating parts of the hypothalamus
eating
(eating) eat too 1. _____ or 2. __ interest in food when 3. _______ is 4. _______
- much
- no
- hypothalamus
- damaged
(eating) humans have a 1. ______ 2. _______ for 3. _____ and 4. ______ foods
- genetic
- disposition
- cal-dense
- nutrient-dense
(eating) we tend to eat 1. ______ in 2. _____ and when there’s a greater 3. ______ (buffet effect)
- more
- groups
- variety
the point @ which an individual’s lean weight thermostat is set
set point (eating)
muscle tissue and organ tissue
lean weight
dive 1. _____ our 2. ____ _____, we are 3. _____ to 4. ___
- below
- set point
- driven
- eat
most 1. ______ is due to 2. ______ addiction (flavor and dopamine eating)
- obesity
2. food
sexual response cycle — excitement, plateu, orgasm, resolution
sex
what is the sex cycle? (4)
- excitement
- plateu
- orgasm
- resolution
- ________ and 2. ______ may increase sex drive
- testosterone
2. estrogen
- ______ and 2. ______ both respond to erotic reading, appearance, and material
- males
2. females
desire to be 1. _____ and 2. _____ in 3. ______ is rooted in 4. ______ due to survival rates being 5. _____ in 6. ____
- accepted
- thrive
- groups
- ancestors
- increased
- groups
to be accepted means . . . (3)
- safety
- food
- more choices of mates
being disliked or excluded means . . . (2)
- alienation
2. decreased odds of living and procreation
desired to be 1. ___ or no caused 2. _______ rooted in 3. ______ (fear 4. ______ or violence) and is 5. ______ _________ when one is not 6. ______
- liked
- conflicts
- survival
- exclusion
- painful psychologically
- accepted
we spend 1. ____ and 2. _____ on 3. _____ and 4. ______ behavior to be 5. _______ by others (friends and romantic others)
- money
- time
- appearance
- alter
- accepted
- _____ _____ has increased 2. _____ connection w/ those we 3. ____ but the 4. _______ we see of others may increase 5. ________ by comparison
- social media
- social
- know
- perfection
- depression
