21. Short and Long Term Memories

Question 1

activated memory that holds a few items briefly

Answer 1

short-term memory

Question 2

the immediately brief recording of sensory info into the memory system

Answer 2

sensory memory

Question 3

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a pic image lasting no more than a few seconds

Answer 3

iconic memory

Question 4

auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds + words can be recalled w/in 3-4 secs

Answer 4

echoic memory

Question 5

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

Answer 5

long-term memory

Question 6

involved in motor movement that is unconscious (bike riding)

Answer 6

procedural memory

Question 7

clear memory of an emotional significant moment or event

Answer 7

flashbulb moment

Question 8

what creates a flashback moment and strong memories? (a theory)

Answer 8

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 9

long-term potentiation is an 1. _____ in 2. ____ firing 3. _____ after a brief, rapid 4. ________

Answer 9

1. increase
2. cells
3. potential
4. stimulation

Question 10

1. _______ experience can 2. __________ change our 3. ________ over a certain event (more 4. ________ the 5. _______ the memory)

Answer 10

1. emotional
2. drastically
3. memory
4. emotional
5. stronger

Question 11

1. ______ and 2. _______ are believed to be a 3. ______ basis for learning and memory

Answer 11

1. emotions
2. LTP theory
3. neural

Question 12

what do drugs that block LTP do? (2)

Answer 12

worsen. . .
1. memory speed
2. efficiency

Question 13

emotional 1. _______ can 2. ___ certain events into our 3. _______ and inhibit 4. ______ memories around the same time

Answer 13

1. arousal
2. rear
3. memories
4. nerual

Question 14

other bits of info that help recall info from a web of neurons (classmate’s name associated w/ their location)

Answer 14

retrieval cues

Question 15

the tendency to recall memories that are consistent w/ one’s current good or bad mood

Answer 15

modd congruent

Question 16

tendency to remember the names or info at the beginning and end of a list (learning co-workers names)

Answer 16

serial-postion effect

Question 17

organizing into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically

Answer 17

chunking

Question 18

memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices (acronyms)

Answer 18

mnemonics

Question 19

those who cram and learn fast also forget fast; spacing practice aids w/ long-term memory

Answer 19

spacing effect

Question 20

self-testing recall as practice is more effective than re-reading or cramming

Answer 20

testing-effect

Question 21

forming 1. _______ and 2. _______ are also statistically beneficial

Answer 21

1. hierarchies

2. sleep

Question 22

flood of emotional neural chemicals that influence flashbulb moments

Answer 22

long-term potentiation theory