21. Short and Long Term Memories Flashcards
activated memory that holds a few items briefly
short-term memory
the immediately brief recording of sensory info into the memory system
sensory memory
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a pic image lasting no more than a few seconds
iconic memory
auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds + words can be recalled w/in 3-4 secs
echoic memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
long-term memory
involved in motor movement that is unconscious (bike riding)
procedural memory
clear memory of an emotional significant moment or event
flashbulb moment
what creates a flashback moment and strong memories? (a theory)
long-term potentiation (LTP)
long-term potentiation is an 1. _____ in 2. ____ firing 3. _____ after a brief, rapid 4. ________
- increase
- cells
- potential
- stimulation
- _______ experience can 2. __________ change our 3. ________ over a certain event (more 4. ________ the 5. _______ the memory)
- emotional
- drastically
- memory
- emotional
- stronger
- ______ and 2. _______ are believed to be a 3. ______ basis for learning and memory
- emotions
- LTP theory
- neural
what do drugs that block LTP do? (2)
worsen. . .
1. memory speed
2. efficiency
emotional 1. _______ can 2. ___ certain events into our 3. _______ and inhibit 4. ______ memories around the same time
- arousal
- rear
- memories
- nerual
other bits of info that help recall info from a web of neurons (classmate’s name associated w/ their location)
retrieval cues
the tendency to recall memories that are consistent w/ one’s current good or bad mood
modd congruent
tendency to remember the names or info at the beginning and end of a list (learning co-workers names)
serial-postion effect
organizing into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically
chunking
memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices (acronyms)
mnemonics
those who cram and learn fast also forget fast; spacing practice aids w/ long-term memory
spacing effect
self-testing recall as practice is more effective than re-reading or cramming
testing-effect
forming 1. _______ and 2. _______ are also statistically beneficial
- hierarchies
2. sleep
flood of emotional neural chemicals that influence flashbulb moments
long-term potentiation theory
