14. Altered States of Consciousness Flashcards
periodic loss of natural consciousness, distinct from coma, anesthesia, or hibernation
sleep
what are the evolutionary reasons for sleep?
it was designed to
- protect us
- repair tissues
- consolidate memories
- enhance cognitive functions
what is active and blocked by the brain stem?
the motor cortex
what is it called when the eyes and their muscles remain active?
rapid eye movement (REM)
how does our body keep track of our 24hr sleep cycle?
w/ the circadian rhythm
what are the stages of sleep?
- Waking Beta
- Waking Alpha
- Non-REM 1
- Non-REM 2
- Non-REM 3
- REM
how long is the non-REM 1 to the REM cycle?
it’s about 90 minutes
how long is the REM stage of sleep?
10 minutes
what common thing that occurs during sleep?
genital arousal
your brain quickly goes through non-REM 2 and non-REM 3 in order to get to non-REM 1 and REM quicker (happens when you’re sleep deprived)
REM rebound
you don’t get enough sleep so you feel terrible for a long time (lasts about 2 weeks)
REM sleep deficit
what can sleep loss and sleep deficit leave you more vulnerable to?
depression
consistent lack of sleep and/or instability to maintain sleep
insomia
uncontrolled bouts of falling asleep (short and long)
narcolepsy
temporary ceasing of breathing and micro-wakeups
sleep apena
nREM-3 and REM sleep disorder that subject experiences extreme fright or dread (usual ages of 3-12)
night-terrors
vivid, hallucinations that are often of regular, familiar details in our life we regret or relish
dreams
what is still intact when we sleep and often get incorporated into our dreams?
our sensory
what do our dreams often incorporate?
our fears and daily activities
how many dreams do we have that have a negative aspect to cope w/ daily fears
8/10 dreams
what is the first dream theory?
contents of our dreams secretly represent our unconscious desires
what is the second dream theory?
filing away memories which enhanced memory and task performance as opposed to those deprived of dreams
what is the third dream theory?
to develop and preserve neural pathways
what is the fourth dream theory?
to make sense of NEURAL STATIC – more emotions parts of the brain active
what is the fifth dream theory?
to reflect on cognitive development (top-down processing to understand @ least understand the world)
a social interaction in which one person responds to another person’s suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
hypnosis
subjects are prone 1. ___________ but not 2. _____________
- prone to suggestion
2. commands and showcase some reservation
some are more prone to?
hypnosis
what can hypnosis help with?
behavioral and habit correction, pain management
what can hypnosis NOT help you with?
recall forgotten memories
can hypnosis be a social phenomena?
studies have shown that some people can be made resistant by being told it works on gullible people
can hypnosis be a divided consciousness?
allows some thoughts + behaviors to occur, but not others
who believes in divided consciousness?
Ernest Hilgard
what was hypnosis originally used for?
og used to determine desires or protected/lost thoughts and memories in patients w/ disorders or problems
what is hypnosis used for now?
used as therapy and help break bad habits
how can hypnosis be used with pain?
it can help with pain control by diverting our selective attention and diminishing activity in the pain areas of our brains
