Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacte Lec (Overview) [Prelims 1] > 2.2 Gram positive, Catalase Negative bac > Flashcards

2.2 Gram positive, Catalase Negative bac Flashcards

1
Q

What family of bacteria can be seen in Gram positive, Catalase negative?

A

Streptococcaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the genus for Streptococcaceae?

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the general characteristic of streptococcaceae?

A

Gram positive
Catalase Negative
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Non-motile
Capnophilic (some)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What bacteria in Streptococcaceae family have capnophilic characteristics?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 Classification of Streptococcaceae

A

Smith and Brown
Lancefield
Academic/Bergey’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A classification of Streptococcaceae that is based on hemolytic pattern?

A

Smith and Brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A classification of Streptococcaceae that is base on cell wall antigen or sero grouping

A

Lancefield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In Lancefield classification what is the indicator for positive in a certain group?

A

Agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many drop of antisera in lance field?

A

3-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In lancefield, What bacteria can be seen in Group A?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In lancefield, What bacteria can be seen in Group b?

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In lancefield, What bacteria can be seen in Group C?

A

Streptococcus dysagalactiae / equisimilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In lancefield, What bacteria can be seen in Group D (Non-enterococcus)

A

Streptococcus bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In lancefield, What bacteria can be seen in Group D (Enterococcus)

A

Enterococcus faecalis / faecium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In lancefield, What bacteria can be seen in pneumococcus

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In lancefield, What bacteria can be seen in Viridans strep?

A

Anginosus, mutans, mitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In smith and brown classification, It shows partial lysis/discoloration of RBC?

A

Alpha hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In smith and brown classification, it shows complete lysis of rbc

A

Beta hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the result for Beta hemolytic?

A

Yellow discoloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the result for Alpha hemolytic?

A

Green discoloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What bacteria can produce beta hemolytic from lancefield?

A

A - S. pyogenes
B - S. agalactiae
C - S. dysagalactiae/equisimilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What bacteria can produce alpha hemolytic from Lancefield?

A

Pneumococcus
Viridans - Anginosus, mutans, mitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What bacteria are nonhemolytic (gamma-hemolytic)

A

Group D
Non-enterococcus (S. bovis)

Enterococcus (E. faecalis/faecium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the virulence factors for Streptococcus pyogenes

A

M protein
Protein F
Lipoteichoic acid
Hyaluronic acid capsule

Hyaluronic acid

Streptodornase
Streptolysin O
Streptolysin S
Streptokinase (Fibrinolysin)
Exotoxin (A, B, C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that is an antiphagocytic and it adheres to mucosal cells

A

M protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the gene for M protein?

A

emm genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that MEDIATES the attachment to the epithelial cells

A

Protein F (Fibrinolytic binding protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that MEDIATES that attachment to the mucosal cells

A

Lipoteichoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that is responsible for oral infection

A

Lipoteichoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that prevents opsonization of phagocytosis which also masked the bacterial antigen

A

Hyaluronic acid capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the most common serotype of M protein that can cause pharyngitis

A

M1 serotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that degrade host DNA and RNA

A

Streptodornase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the most common DNase in streptodornase?

A

DNase B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that is HIGHLY immunogenic and can lyse cell.

It is also responsible for hemolysis in BAP

A

Streptolysin O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Streptolysin O hemolysis can only be seen in what gaseous composition?

A

Anaerobic environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the test for streptolysin O?

A

Anti-streptolysin O test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that is NON-IMMUNOGENIC that only lyse WBC

Also responsible for lysis in BAP

A

Streptolysin S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Streptolysin O is Oxygen labile

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Streptolysin S is Oxygen stable

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Streptolysin S hemolysis can only be seen in what gaseous

A

Aerobic environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that converts plasminogen to plasmin that causes lysis of fibrin clots

A

Streptokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that solubilizes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue

A

Hyaluronidase / Hyaluronic Acid (PPT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A virulence factor for S. pyogenes that is associated with scarlet fever and TSS?

A

Exotoxin A

(Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Exotoxins A, B, and C are formally known as?

A

Super antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins is also known as?

A

Erythrogenic toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Clinical infections cause by S. pyogenes

A

Strep throat (Tonsilitis/pharyngitis)
Pyodermal infections
- Impetigo
- Erysipelas
- Cellulitis
- Scarlet fever
- Necrotizing fasciitis
- Rheumatic heart fever
- Acute glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Strep throat usually targets what age?

A

3 years and 6 and below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Frequent bacterial pharyngitis will lead to?

A

Rheumatic heart fever

49
Q

Most common clinical manifestation of S. pyogenes?

A

Pharyngitis and toncilitis

50
Q

What is the incubation period of strep throat?

51
Q

When will the symptoms subside in Strep throat?

52
Q

A Pyodermal infections that is superficial and localized flat type of lesion that begins as small vesicles that progress to weeping lesions

53
Q

A Pyodermal infection that has acute spreading erythematous lesion in subcutaneous tissues that is frequently seen among elderly

A

Erysipelas

54
Q

A Pyodermal infection that involves deeper tissue invasion

A

Cellulitis

55
Q

What happens if Cellulitis is left untreated?

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

Gangrene (patients with peripheral vascular diseases or diabetes)

56
Q

Produce by streptococcal pyrogenic toxins that can cause rash (DIFFUSE red rashsed)

A

Scarlet fever

57
Q

How scarlet fever symptoms travel?

A

Chest to extremities and tongue

58
Q

What happens to the tongue in scarlet fever?

A

Strawberry tongue

59
Q

An invasive infection characterized by inflammation and necrosis of skin, subcutaneous fat and fascia

Also known as flesh-eating disease

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

60
Q

What group type of NF for S.pyogenes?

61
Q

What are the bacteria for type 1 NF?

A

Saltwater bacteria
Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
Vibrio species

62
Q

What are the bacteria for Type 3 NF?

A

Gas gangrene
Clostridial myonecrosis

63
Q

A condition where the organ system is shut down which leads to death

A

Streptococcal Toxic shock syndrome

64
Q

What are the symptoms /caused of Streptococcal TSS?

A

Untreated pharyngitis and pyodermal infections

which leads to:
- Sepsis
- Bacteremia
- Hypotension and highfever -> organ shut down

65
Q

What are the 2 post streptococcal sequelae?

A

Rheumatic heart fever

Acute glomerulonephritis

66
Q

What are the cause and symptoms of Rheumatic heart fever

A
  • Occurs after pharyngitis

COMMON IN CHILDREN

Symptoms:
- Fever
- Inflammation of heart, joint, Subcutaneous tissue

67
Q

What is the most important Pathogenesis in Rheumatic heart fever?

A

Cross reactive antibodies

(The antibodies presume that the heart valve is the same as invading streptococcus.)

68
Q

What are the cause and symptoms of Acute glomerulonephritis

A
  • Occurs after pharyngitis or cutaneous infection

COMMON IN CHILDREN ???

  • Untreated pharyngitis or pyodermal infection
  • Produces antibodies to act against antigens
69
Q

In acute glomerulonephritis, the production of antibodies will act against the antigen will lead to?

A

Deposition of antibody-antigen complexes in glomeruli

70
Q

The deposition of Ab-Ag is now a body? what is the effect?

A

waste

The kidney will not be able to filter all due to overproduced Ab-Ag leading to glomeruli damage

71
Q

When will Rheumatic heart fever attack?

72
Q

GAS is susceptible to what antimicrobial and remains as the drug of choice?

A

Penicillin

73
Q

What drug can be use to treat GAS if he/she is allergic to penicillin?

A

Erythromycin

74
Q

What is the characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Group B
Beta hemolytic

75
Q

What is the normal flora for Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Female genital tract and lower gastro intestinal tract

76
Q

Is S. agalactiae the only group B?

77
Q

What are the virulence factor for Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Capsular antigen (Capsule)

Sialic acid
CAMP factor
Hyaluronidase
DNase
Protease
Hemolysin (Beta)

78
Q

What is the most significant component of the capsular antigen and critical virulence determination for S. agalactiae

A

Sialic acid

79
Q

What is the most important toxin produced by S. agalactiae

A

CAMP factor

80
Q

How Streptococcus agalactiae transmit?

A

Vertical transmission or during delivery

81
Q

What bacteria is the leading cause of neonatal meningitis

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

82
Q

What are the clinical manifestation for S. agalactiae?

A

Pneumonia
Endometritis
Endocarditis
Wound infection
Neonatal meningitis
(PEEWN)

83
Q

What procedure/media to use in order to determine/transport S. agalactiae?

A

Todd-Hewitt Broth

84
Q

What are the sample use for meningitis?

A

CSF
Vaginal discharge

85
Q

What type of media is Todd-Hewitt broth?

A

Transport media

86
Q

Endometritis and wound infection are most common in ?

A

Young, previously healthy woman who becomes ill after child birth or abortion

87
Q

What is the characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A
  • Capsule (No lancefield classification)
  • Known as pneumococcus
  • Diplococci
  • Capnophilic
88
Q

What is the test use to identify capsule in S. pneumoniae?

A

Neufeld or Quelling reaction

89
Q

What is the positive reaction for Neufeld?

A

Capsular swelling

90
Q

What do you call the cell wall of S. pneumoniae?

A

C substance

91
Q

What are the virulence factor for S. pneumoniae?

A

Capsular polysaccharide
(Anti phagocytosis)

Toxins:
Hemolysis
Hyaluronidase
Immunoglobulin I (Protease)
Neuraminidase

92
Q

How many capsular type in capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae?

93
Q

What are the associated disease for S. pneumoniae?

A
  • Lobar pneumonia
  • Bacteremia
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Otitis media
  • Sinusitis
94
Q

What are the leading cause of diseases in S. Pnemoniae?

A
  • Bacterial meningitis (Adults)
  • Otitis media
95
Q

What are the bacteria that also cause Otitis media?

A

S. pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

(SHAM)

96
Q

It is the infection on eardrums

A

Otitis media

97
Q

In lobar pneumonia, what is the characteristics of sputum?

A

Rusty or anchovy

98
Q

What are the Group C streptococcus?

A

S. dysagalactiae subspp. equisimilis

99
Q

What is the the characteristics of S. dysagalactiae subspp. equisimilis

A

Large-colony forming beta-hemolytic isolates
- Resembles S. pyogenes

100
Q

A Large colony forming Beta hemolytic isolates?

A

S. dysagalactiae subsp. equisimilis

101
Q

What is the group F streptococcus bacteria?

A

Streptococcus anginosus

102
Q

A small colony forming Beta hemolytic isolates

A

Streptococcus anginosus

103
Q

What are the associated diseases in Group F?

A
  • Pharyngitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Abscess and bacteremia
  • Cellulitis

(BACAPP)

104
Q

What are the characteristics of viridans?

A
  • Fastidious
  • Normal flora (URT, GIT, Female genital tract)
  • viridans = green
  • Alpha hemolytic
105
Q

What are the virulence factor for Viridans?

A
  • Polysaccharide capsule
  • Extracellular dextran
  • Adhesins

(PEA)

106
Q

What does C and G have similarities on A streptococci?

107
Q

What are the diseases associated with viridans?

A
  • Subacute bacterial endocarditis
  • Bacteremia
  • Septicemia
  • Cavities

(SuBaCaSe)

108
Q

The disease associated with Viridans that has damaged heart valves

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

109
Q

The disease associated with viridans that is more common in children than in adults

A

Bacteremia

110
Q

What are the characteristics of Group D?

A

2 types
- non-enterococcus
- Enterococcus

111
Q

What is the natural inhabitant of Group D?

A

Intestinal tract

112
Q

What are the commonly identified spp in enterococcus

A
  • Faecalis
  • Faecium
113
Q

What are the virulence factor for group D

A

Adhesion:
- Extracellular surface protein
- Serine protease
- gelatinase

Cytolysins
Resistance to antimicrobial agents (Vancomycin)

114
Q

What are the associated diseases for Group D

A
  • Nosocomial infections
  • UTI (Catheterization)
  • Bacteremia
  • endocarditis

(NUBE)

115
Q

Streptococcus like organisms that is vancomycin resistant?

A
  • Pediococcus (Intrinsically)
116
Q

Streptococcus like organism that is an opportunistic pathogens in patients who are immunocompromised or for underlying disease with vancomycin

  • Susceptible to vancomycin
A

Leuconostoc

117
Q

Previously known as N. streptococci that causes UTI and endocarditis

A

Lactococcus

118
Q

An opportunistic pathogens that is airborne that crease bacteremia, endocarditis and UTI in immunocompromised patients

A

Aerococcus

119
Q

Streptococcus like organism that is Destain easily may appear as gram negative cocci

Easily washed out primary stain

Bacte Lec (Overview) [Prelims 1] (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions