19. Kolonun Benign Hastalıkları Flashcards

1
Q

Kolonun benign hastalıkları nelerdir?

A
  • inflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları
    • crohn
    • ülseratif kolit
  • divertikülar hastalıklar
  • volvulus
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2
Q

epidemioloji of inflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları

A

Ülseratif Kolit

  • 3-7. dekantta

Crohn

  • 15-30 yaş arasında
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3
Q

İnflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları neden olur?

A
  • genetik
  • çevresel faktörler
  • enfeksiyon
    • mycobacterium protuberance
  • alkol
  • daah yüksek sosyoekonomik düzey
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4
Q

Ülseratif Kolit bulguları

A

kanlı ishal
perianal fistül yok
strictures/obstruction yok
perforation uncommon
rectum always involved
terminal ileum (normal except in backwash ileitis)
Continious
toksik megakolon common
pseudopolyps
mucosa and submucosa involved only
lead-pipe sign
cerrahi tedavi eder

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5
Q

Crohns bulguları

A

kansız genelde
var
var
common
often normal
ALWAYS INVOLVED
skip lessions
toksik megakolon uncommon
aftöz ülser
transmural infarction
string sign
cerrahi tedavi edemez sadece obstrüksiyon, kanama ve perforasyon gibi durumlarda yardımcı olur

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6
Q

Inflammatory bowel diseaselerin extraintestinal manifestationları nelerdir?

A
  • fatty infiltration of l,ver
  • cirrhosis
  • PSC (only in ulcerative collitis)
    • collectomy reverse yapmaz tek seçenek transplantasyon
  • bile duct carcinoma
  • pericholangitis
  • arthirits
  • sacroilitis
  • ankylosing spongylitis
  • erythema nodosum
  • pyoderma gangrosum
  • uveitis
  • iritis
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7
Q

IBD’in şiddeti ile korele olan hangi hastalıklar var?

A
  • peripheral arthritis
  • erythema nododsum
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8
Q

Principles of non-operative management

A
  • salicylates
  • antibiotics
  • corticosteroids
  • AZT-GMP
  • Anti-TNF
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9
Q

Indications for surgical therapy in ulcerative collitis

A
  • perforation
  • fulminant collitis
  • toxic megacolon
  • hemorrhage
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10
Q

Indications for elective surgery in ibd

A
  • high risk of developping complications
  • growth retardation
  • disease activity refractory to medical therapy
  • complications related to side effects of medical therapy
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11
Q

Crohn disease anal and perianal involvement

A
  • 35%
  • 5-10% isolated to anal region
  • skin tags
  • fissures
  • abscess
  • fistulas
  • rectovaginal fissure
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12
Q

Crohn hastalığında cerrahinin yeri nedir?

A
  • tedavi edici değildir sadece komplikasyonlar için kullanılmalıdır
  • asemptomatik hastalar ignorelanmalıdır
  • tekrar olma olasılığı yüksek olduğu için resection marginler preserved olmalıdır (2cm)
  • apseler perkütan drenaj ile akıtılmalıdır
  • midline incision
  • recurrence: 50%
  • strictureplasty git gide daha kullanılabilir oluyor
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13
Q

Crohn hastalığında stricturoplastinin endikasyonları nedir?

A
  • diffuse involvement of small bowel with multiple strictures
  • rapid occurance and obstruction
  • stricture in a patient with short bowel syndrome
  • strictures in a patient who has undergone major resections previously
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14
Q

Crohn hastalığında stricturoplastinin kontraendikasyonları nelerdir?

A
  • free or contained perforated small bowel
  • hypoalbunemia
  • multiple strictures with short segment
  • phlegmonous inflammation, internal fistula or external fistula
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15
Q

Operative indications for crohn disease

A
  • Acute Disease complications
    • hemorrhage
    • perforation
    • severe collitis
  • chronic disease complications
    • extraintestinal manifestations
    • growth retardation
    • neoplasia
  • Failed Medical therapy
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16
Q

Diverticular Diseases

A

Diverticular disease: presence of sympromatic diverticula

Diverticulosis: presence of diverticula without inflamation

diverticulitis: inflamation or infection associated with diverticula

17
Q

Divertiküller en sık nerede gözükür?

A

sigmoid kolon

18
Q

divertiküla özellikleri

A
  • genelde false divertikuladır
  • 50 yaş üzeri daha common
  • true divertiküller congenital olur→ meckels divertikula
  • acquired olabilir→ lack of dietary fiber→ smaller stool volume, requiring high intraluminal pressure and high colonic wall tension for protulsion
    • chronic constipation results in muscular hypertrophy and development of process of segmentation
    • segmentasyon oldukça propulsion yerine sigmoid kolona gider tension
    • radial pressure creates pulsion diverticula
19
Q

Divertikulitisin ne kadarı divertikulosis olur?

A

10-25%

20
Q

Divertikülit semptomları

A
  • sol abdominal ağrı
  • ateş
  • lökositoz
21
Q

Divertikülit differansiyel diagnosis

A
  • malignancy
  • ischemic collitis
  • infectious collitis
  • ibd
22
Q

Komplike divertikülit nedir

A

divertikülit + abse/ obstrüksiyon/( free perforation→ diffuse peritonitis/ fistulas

23
Q

Divertikül komplikasyonları

A
  • divertikülit
  • KANAMA
  • obstrüksiyon
  • zemininde kanser oluşması
24
Q

Volvulus

A
  • twisting of a bowel segment along its mesentery
  • stomach
  • small bowel
  • colon
25
Q

En sık nerede volvulus olur

A
  1. sigmoid kolon
  2. çekum
  3. transvers kolon
26
Q

Sigmoid Volvulus

A
  • long sigmoid and narrow mesenteric base
  • diabetes
  • möropsikiyatrik hastalıklar
  • genelde saat yönü tersine
  • bakteriyel translokasyon, gaz artışı ve increased colonic distension yapar
27
Q

Ceacal volvulus

A
  • unsufficient fixation during embryologic development
  • chronic obstruction
  • high fiber diet
  • overuse of laxatives
  • pregnancy
  • pelvic surgery
  • history of abdominal surgery
  • saat yönünde döner → %85-90
28
Q

volvulus belli özellikler

A
  • iskemi veya perforasyon varsa → acil cerrahi gereklidir
  • bulgu yoksa→ detorsiye edip hastanın genel durumunu toparlayıp ondan sonra ameliyat önerilir
    • fluid resucitation
    • correction of electrolites
    • treatment of any coagulopathy
    • hypothermimia
29
Q

Volvulus treatment:

A
  • non-complicated: sigmoidoscopy + detorsion
  • ischemia/perforation→ acil cerrahi> resection + anastomosis ( only possible if there is no gross contamination) (çekal volvulusta anastomoz ve rezeksiyon yapılır detorsion işe yaramaz)