06e_Sleep-Wake Disorders Flashcards
Sleep-Wake Disorders:
Overview
Problems related to quality, timing, and amount of sleep
Results in daytime distress and impairment
Insomnia Disorder:
Diagnostic Criteria
Dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity of sleep due to 1+ characterstic symptoms
3+ nights each week
3+ months
*Occurs despite sufficient opportunities for sleep
Insomnia Disorder:
Characteristic symptoms
Difficulty initiating sleep
Difficulty maintaining sleep
Early-morning awakening with an inability to return to sleep
Insomnia Disorder:
Treatment
Sleep-hygiene education
Stimulus control
Relaxation training
Cognitive therapy
Hypersomnolence Disorder:
Diagnostic criteria
1+ characteristic symptom
3+ times per week
3+ three months
Hypersomnolence Disorder:
Characteristic symptoms
Excessive sleepiness despite seven or more hours of sleep
Recurrent periods of sleep within the same day
Prolonged but non-restorative sleep (9+ hours)
Difficulty becoming fully awake after abrupt awakening
Narcolepsy:
Diagnostic criteria
Attacks of an irrepressible need to sleep
=lapses into sleep or daytime naps
3+ times per week
3+ months
1+ characteristic symptom
Narcolepsy:
Characteristic symptoms
Cataplexy: loss of muscle tone
Hypocretin deficiency
REM latency less than or equal to 15 minutes
Narcolepsy:
Associated features
Hypnagogic hallucinations (upon falling asleep)
Hypnopompic hallucinations (upon waking)
Narcolepsy:
Emotion regulation
Cataplexy is often triggered by anger, surprise, or other strong emotions
Individuals with narcolepsy may try to prevent sleep attacks by controlling their emotions
Obstructive Sleep Apnea / Hypopnia:
Diagnostic Criteria
5+ obstructive apneas and 1+ accompanying symptom
OR
15 or more obstructive apnea’s/hypopneas during each hour of sleep
Obstructive Sleep Apnea / Hypopnia:
Accompanying Symptoms
Nocturnal breathing disturbances
(snoring, gasping, or breathing pauses)
Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep
*despite opportunities to sleep
Non-Rapid I Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders:
Essential features
Incomplete Awakening
= Sleepwalking and/or Sleep Terror
*Limited or no recall of an episode upon awakening
Sleep Terror
Abrupt arousal from sleep
*Panicky scream”, intense fear, ANS arousal
Nightmare Disorder:
Overview
Extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams
Themes of threats to survival, security, or physical integrity
