02_c: Specific Learning Disorder and Tic Disorder Flashcards
Specific Learning Disorder:
Criteria
1+ difficulties related to academic skills
6+ months *despite interventions
Academic skills substantially below expected for age
Onset occurs during school-age years
Specific Learning Disorder:
Three Subtypes of Impairment
Reading
Written Expression
Mathematics
Specific Learning Disorder:
Associated features
Average/above average IQ
Delays in language development and/or motor coordination
Attention and memory deficits
Low self-esteem
Specific Learning Disorder:
Most common comorbid disorder
ADHD
20 to 30%
Specific Learning Disorder:
Increased Risk for future development
Antisocial behavior
Arrest/conviction for antisocial behavior
Specific Learning Disorder:
Course and Prognosis
Learning difficulties continue through adolescence and adulthood
1/3 of children with reading disorders develop psychosocial problems as adults
Specific learning disorder:
Gender prevalence
Males 2.5 : 1
Specific Learning Disorder:
Etiology
Hemispheric abnormalities
Exposure to toxins (especially lead)
Deficits in phonological processing (dyslexia)
Motor Disorders: Tic Disorders
Tic Definition
Sudden, rapid, recurrent, Non-Rhythmic
motor movement or vocalization
Motor tics:
Examples
Eye blinking
Facial grimacing and gestures
Jumping
Smelling objects
Echokinesis (mimesis of movements)
Vocal Tics:
Examples
Grunting
Snorting
Barking
Echolalia
Coprolalia (repeating obscenities)
Tourette’s Disorder
Overview
1+ Vocal tic and multiple motor tics
Tics may or may not occur simultaneously
Tics may wane in frequency
Tourette’s Disorder:
Onset and duration criteria
Develops prior to 18 years of age
1+ year persistence of tics
