02_Neurodevelopmental Disorders: ADHD Flashcards
ADHD:
Criteria
6+ months duration
6+ symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
Onset prior to 12yo
2+ settings (e.g. home and school)
ADHD:
Subtype Specifier Symptom Criteria
6+ of only one & less than 6 of other
Combined type: 6+ of each
ADHD:
Associated features
Average / above average intelligence but but lower IQ test scores
Academic difficulties
Fewer friends, may be victims of peer rejection
ADHD:
Common Co-diagnoses
Conduct disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
An Anxiety disorder
Major depressive disorder
Adults with ADHD:
Social / Occupational Factors
Low self-esteem, relationship problems
Poorer health outcomes
Lower educational/occupational achievement
Adults with ADHD:
Elevated Risk of Psychopathology
Bipolar disorder
Depression
Anxiety
Antisocial behavior
Substance abuse
ADHD:
Prevalence
5%: children
2.5%: adults
ADHD:
Gender Prevalence
More prevalent in males
2 : 1 for children
1.6 : 1 for adults
ADHD:
Gender differences in Presentation
Females: inattentive type
Males: combined type
ADHD:
Lifespan Prevalence
65 to 80% diagnosed into adolescence
15% diagnosed as young adults
ADHD in Adults:
Symptom presentation
Inattention is predominant symptom
Impulsivity presents as impatience/irritability
ADHD:
Etiology
Higher rates among biological relatives
Decreased activity and smaller size:
caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, PFC
ADHD
Differential Diagnosis
Oppositional defiant disorder
Conduct disorder
Intermittent explosive disorder
Specific learning disorder
Intellectual disability
Autism spectrum disorder
Anxiety disorders
Major depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder
Substance use disorder
ADHD:
Treatment
CNS stimulants = 75% of core symptoms
*Effective for children and adults
Parent/teacher behavioral skills training
