02_Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
Intellectual Disability:
(Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
3 Diagnostic Criteria
Deficits in Intellectual functions
Deficits in Adaptive functioning
Onset during developmental period
Intellectual Disability:
Severity Specifiers
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Profound
Intellectual Disability:
Early signs
Delays in motor development
Lack of age-appropriate interest in environmental stimuli
True or false?
Intellectual disability is a lifelong condition
False
With proper intervention, a person may no longer meet criteria for the disorder (especially mild disability)
Intellectual Disability:
Etiology
30%: Unknown
30%: Chromosomal change / exposure to teratogens
15=20%: Environmental factors and predisposing mental disorders
5%: Acquired medical conditions during infancy/childhood
5%: Hereditary
Intellectual Disability:
Differential Diagnosis
Neurocognitive disorders
Communication disorders
Specific learning disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
Borderline intellectual functioning (other conditions)
Childhood-Onset Fluency disorder (Stuttering)
Onset and Course
Usually develops between 2-7 yo
65 to 85% children recover
Symptoms worsen with pressure to communicate
Childhood-Onset Fluency disorder (Stuttering):
Predictor of Prognosis
Dysfluency severity at age 8
Childhood-Onset Fluency disorder (Stuttering):
Differential Diagnosis
Normal speech dysfluencies that often occur in early childhood
Childhood-Onset Fluency disorder (Stuttering):
Treatment
Reducing psychological stress at home (younger)
Habit reversal training (older children)
Autism Spectrum Disorder:
Essential Features
Deficits in social communication and interaction
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
Onset during developmental period
Autism Spectrum Disorder:
Social communication Deficits
Social-emotional reciprocity
Nonverbal communication
Development/maintenance/understanding of relationships
Autism Spectrum Disorder:
Movement and Speech
Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
Autism Spectrum Disorder:
Three Levels of Severity
Level 1: requiring support
Level 2: requiring substantial support
Level 3: requiring very substantial support
Autism Spectrum Disorder:
Associated features
Intellectual impairments
Language abnormalities
Uneven profile of cognitive abilities
Motor deficits
Self injurious behaviors
