高尚な言い回し必須単語 Flashcards
a lot of
a myriad of a plethora of The author suggests a myriad of solution for the problem.
says
asserts The author asserts that the issue is lacking simple solutions.
bad
egregious The author asserts that other solutions to the problem are simply egregious.
wrong
erroneous The author’s solutions for the problem were merely erroneous and absurd ideas.
causes
engenders The author is not at all erroneous when she asserts that solving the problem will engender a better quality of life.
uses
employs, make use of, avail oneself of, The author employs rhetorical questions in order to assert her beliefs in a more persuasive manner.
important
salient
The author’s most salient solution is rather egregious, because one can assert that her suggestions would fail to solve the problem.
thinks
reasons, opine, consider, regard, hold The author reasons that we can solve the problem if we all work together, but the methods she asserts will help us do so are egregious.
good
advantageous The author’s most salient solution is her most advantageous, as one can reason that it would effectively solve the problem.
motivates
galvanizes If the writer aims to galvanize his readers, he or she is basically calling the reader to action, to stand up against egregious crimes, erroneous accusations, or a myriad of other injustices.
makes/ produce/ writes
crafts The speaker crafts his lecture by including a myriad of allusions to other salient speeches
proves
substantiate vindicate confirm justify
mean / harsh
caustic bitter abrasive
explain
elucidate Could you elucidate that concept so that I can fully grasp it?
obscure
esoteric
hasty, careless
perfunctory The customer made a perfunctory review of the sales agreement before he signed.
face, side, plane
facet
all over, everywhere, worldwide
ubiquitous
make, enable
facilitate expedite He facilitated a solution by lending his expertise. 彼は専門知識を提供して解決を容易にした。 expedite a peaceful settlements of the conflict in ～における紛争の平和的解決を促進する。
criticize
decry, excoriate, gainsay rightly decried someone’s view 人の意見を正論で批判する。 excoriate the death penalty 死刑を激しく批判する。
difficulty
大変さ、苦痛 hardship, tribulation 問題 predicament, dilemma, quandary, plight, conundrum
be faced with
confront, come up against, withstand, encounter, experience
Start
Commence, introduce, pioneer, embark on , bring into existence, launch, kick off,
Improve, develop
Ameliorate, modernize, upgrade.
Understand
Apprehend, appreciate,
Deal with
Wrestle with, cope with
heavy (task)
onerous, arduous, laborious, strenuous, demanding, burdensome, laborious, exacting, exigent The problems of success, however onerous they may be, are always preferable to the problems of failure.
consequence, result, effect
repercussion The collapse of the bank had broad repercussions for the whole industry.
Mean
Denote His smile denoted that he agreed. Denote a decrease in Indicate,
Unsafe, uncertain, unreliable
Precarious Precarious assumption
at first glance, seems to be,
prima facie (adv) Although a prima facie attractive idea, it is easy to think of counter-examples.
accustomed to
inured to They were so numerous that I became inured to the pain and began to view it as being just a part of “normal” life. その数があまりにも多かったため、苦痛になれてしまい、私はそんな生活がごく「普通：のものであるかのように感じるまでになってしまいました。
typical
archetypal, quintessential embody the archetypal essence of Japanese female. 日本女性の典型的な本質を具現化する quintessential problem posed by aging of society. 高齢化のもたらす典型的な問題
it is clear that
It is plain that It is unequivocal that It is beyond doubt that It is apparent that It is unambiguous that
decrease, reduce, lessen
abate, diminish, attenuate abate the traffic noise diminish a drug’s effects attenuate the degree of ~
worsen
exacerbate, aggravate, intensify
harmful
noxious, deleterious, detrimental
prevent O from M
forestall, restrain, hinder, hamper, impede, deter, preclude
avert (災害などを防ぐ)
thwart, obviate
foil （失敗させる)
stymie, thwart, hamper, frustrate
obscure, blur
obfuscate Politicians often obfuscate the truth by talking a lot. 政治家たちは、たくさんしゃべって真実をぼかすことがよくある。
relevant
pertinent, germane, congruous, apropos The advice in this book is germane to real-life problems.
idealistic, unrealistic
quixotic, Utopian,
Weak (understanding, evidence)
Tenuous
flimsy
Show that
demonstrate that
reveal that
indicate that,
display that,
provide ample evidence that
そう言うわけだから
Such being the case,
他の条件が同じならば
Other things being equal, Ceteris paribus Secularity is deduced as efficient responses to ceteris paribus conditions of effective competition and maximization of utility.
insist that
maintain that, assert that, claim that, contend that
ごますり
Sycophant She became a real sycophant when she wanted her boss to provide a good referral.
sparking, glittering, flashing, bright
scintillating
exchange, swap, trade-off, compensation
quid pro quo, as a quid pro quo for~ ～の見返りとして
incorrect conclusion, inference
a non sequitur The politician’s excuse for his lies was a non-sequitur that had nothing to do with the facts.
reliable
dependable, unfailing,
unease, discontent, depression, discomfort,
malaise
Change
Revolutionize, transform, restructure(改革), transfigure(外観), reorganize
Diverse, wide-ranging
Eclectic, multifarious (様々なものから構成されるという意味では、heterogeneous) (様々なという意味では、manifold)
Old
Old-fashioned, outmoded, our of date, dated, bygone, passé, obsolescent, quaint
Create, form
Fashion Fashion a career as Fashion a compelling narrative Fashion a dress put of Fashion a new international order Fashion a new relationship between
Describe
Depict, portray, set forth, delineate
Hinder, impede,
Hamstring Hamstring public diplomacy effort to a hopeless extent. 広報外交事業を絶望的な機能不全に陥らせる。
Because
Inasmuch as
Convenient, beneficial,
Expedient ⇄inexpedient
Appropriate
Apropos, felicitous, pertinent
Easy
Straightfoward
There are many X in Y
Y is rife with X This argument is rife with holes and assumptions.
try
Strive, endeavor, struggle, exert oneself
very (マイナスな感情を強く)
outrageously, terribly, disturbingly
go against (不利にはたらく)
punish, penalize Our tax rules penalize venture capital. No other nation punishes the “uneducated” as harshly as the United States
worry about
be anxious about, fret about
格差を縮小する
narrow the chasm between the rich and everyone else
Until now
Heretofore The idea, heretofore ignored, is…
As far as the law allows
Within the ambit of the law
for three consecutive days
for the third consecutive year
(3年連続で)
in danger of
be teetering on the brink of
瀬戸際にある
The company is teetering on the brink of being delisted from the NASDAQ.
In reality
as it is
important
crucial
(extremely important)
significant
(amount or effect large enough to be important)
common
universal,
ubiquitous
(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)
abundant
ample
(enough and usually extra)
plentiful
(enough for people’s needs and wants)
stick
adhere
cling
(hold on something tightly)
neglect
ignore
(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something;
ignore means no attention)
near
adjacent
(two things next to each other)
adjoin (the same as adjacent)
pursue
woo
(man woos woman, old-fashioned)
seek
(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)
accurate
precise
(precise is exact and accurate in all details)
exact
(correct in every detail)
vague
obscure
(unknown or known by only a few people)
top
peak
summit
competitor
rival
opponent
(especially in sports and politics)
blame
condemn
(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
opinion
perspective
standpoint
(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)
fame
prestige
(describe those who are admired)，
reputation
build
erect
(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL)
establish
insult
humiliate
(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)
complain
grumble
(complain something in a bad-tempered way)
primary
radical (very important and great in degree)， fundamental
relieve
alleviate
(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
extenuate
(old?)
force
coerces into
(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to)，compel
enlarge
magnify
(magnify means make something larger than it really is)
complex
intricate
(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)
convoluted
lonely
solitary
(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)
small
minuscule
(very small)
praise
extol
(stronger than praise)
compliment
(polite and political)
hard-working
assiduous
(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)
industrious
dilligent
difficult
arduous
(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)
poor (soil)
barren,
infertile
(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)
fragile
brittle,
vulnerable
(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)
show
demonstrate
(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people)
big
massive
(large in size, quantity, or extent)，
colossal
(use this word, you emphasize something’s large)，tremendous
avoid
shun
(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it)
fair
impartial
(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something)
attack
assault
(physically attack someone)，
assail (attack violently)
dislike
abhor
(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons)，
loathe
(dislike very much)
ruin
devastate
(it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it)
always
invariably
(the same as always, but better than always)
forever
perpetual
(a perpetual state never changes)，
immutable
(something immutable will never change or be changed)
surprise
startle
(it means surprise you slightly)，
astound(surprise you to a large degree)，
astonish(the same as astound)
enthusiasm
zeal
(a great enthusiasm)，
fervency
(sincere and enthusiasm)
quiet
tranquil
(calm and peaceful)，
serene
(calm and quiet)
expensive
exorbitant
(it means too expensive that it should be)
luxurious
lavish(impressive and very expensive)， sumptuous(grand and very expensive)
boring
tedious
(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)
respect
esteem
(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)
worry
fret
(if you fret about something, you worry about it)
cold
chilly(unpleasantly cold)， icy(extremely cold)
hot
boiling
(very hot)
dangerous
perilous
(very dangerous),
hazardous
(dangerous, especially to people’s safety and health)
nowadays
currently
only
unique
(the only one of its kind)，
distinctive;
stop
cease
(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)
part
component
(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)
result
consequence
(the results or effects of something)
based on
derived from
quite
fairly
pathetic
lamentable
(very uncomfortable and disappointing)
field
domain
(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)
appear
emerge
(come into existence)
whole
entire
(the whole of something)
wet
moist
(slightly wet)，
damp
(slightly wet)，
humid
(very damp and hot)
difficult
formidable
change
convert
(change into another form)
careful
cautious
(very careful in order to avoid danger)， prudent(careful and sensible)
ability
capacity
capability
(the same as ability)
strange
eccentric
(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)
rich
affluent
(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
use
utilize (the same as use)
dubious
skeptical
(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it。)
satisfy
gratify
(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)
short
fleeting,
ephemeral
(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)
scholarship
fellowship
angry
enraged
(extremely angry)
smelly
malodorous
(used to describe an unpleasant smell)
ugly
hideous
(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)
attractive
appealing
(pleasing and attractive)，
absorbing
(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)
diverse
miscellaneous
(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)
disorder
disarray,
chaos
crazily
frantically
(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)
rapid
meteoric
(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)
ordinary
mundane
(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
despite
notwithstanding
(FORMAL)
best
optimal
(used to describe the best level something can achieve)
sharp
acute
(severe and intense)
unbelievable
inconceivable
(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )
puzzle
perplex
(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)
method
avenue
(away of getting something done)
famous
distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
ancient
archaic
(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
decorate
embellish
(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)
possible
feasible
(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)
so
consequently, accordingly
rare
infrequent
(doesn’t happen often)
greedy
rapacious
(greedy and selfish)
necessarily
inevitably
There is such a large interest in music video that MTV will inevitably popular here.
unavoidably
This attitude will unavoidably result in grave effects in the U.S.-Japan relationship.
