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USMLE Step I Microbiology > Zoonotic Infections > Flashcards

Zoonotic Infections Flashcards

1
Q

zoonosis

A
  • infectious disease transmitted between animals and humans
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2
Q

Anaplasma spp.–disease

A
  • anaplasmosis
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3
Q

Anaplasma spp.–transmission and source

A
  • Ixodes ticks
    • live on deer and mice
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4
Q

Bartonella spp.–disease

A
  • cat scratch disease
  • bacillary angiomatosis
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5
Q

Bartonella spp.–transmission and source

A
  • cat scratch
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6
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi–disease

A
  • Lyme disease
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7
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi–transmission and source

A
  • Ixodes tixks
    • live on deer and mice
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8
Q

Borrelia recurrent**is–disease

A
  • relapsing fever
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9
Q

Borrelia recurrentis–transmission and source

A
  • louse
    • recurrent due to variable surface antigens
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10
Q

Brucella spp.–disease

A
  • Brucellosis/undulant fever
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11
Q

Brucella spp.–transmission and source

A
  • unpasteurized dairy
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12
Q

Campylobacter–disease

A
  • bloody diarrhea
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13
Q

Campylobacter–transmission and source

A
  • feces from infected pets/animals
  • contaminated meats/foods/hands
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14
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci–disease

A
  • Psittacosis
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15
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci–transmission and source

A
  • parrots
  • other birds
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16
Q

Coxiella burnetii–disease

A
  • Q fever
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17
Q

Coxiella burnetii–transmission and source

A
  • aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid
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18
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis–disease

A
  • Ehrlichiosis
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19
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis–transmission and source

A
  • Amblyomma (Lone Star tick)
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20
Q

Francisella tularensis–disease

A
  • Tularemia
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21
Q

Francisella tularensis–transmission and source

A
  • ticks
  • rabbits
  • deer flies
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22
Q

Leptospira spp.–disease

A
  • Leptospirosis
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23
Q

Leptospira spp.–transmission and source

A
  • animal urine in water
  • recreational water use
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24
Q

Mycobacterium leprae–disease

A
  • Leprosy
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25
*Mycobacterium leprae*--transmission and source
* humans with lepromatous leprosy * armadillo (rare)
26
*Pasteurella multocida*--disease
* cellulitis * osteomyelitis
27
*Pasteurella multocida*--transmission and source
* animal bite * cats * dogs
28
*Rickettsia prowazekii*--disease
* epidemic typhus
29
*Rickettsia prowazekii*--transmission and source
* human to human via human body louse
30
*Rickettsia rickettsii*--disease
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever
31
*Rickettsia rickettsii*--transmission and source
* *Dermacentor* (dog tick)
32
*Rickettsia typhi*--disease
* Endemic typhus
33
*Rickettsia typhi*--transmission and source
* fleas
34
*Salmonella* spp. (except *S. typhi*)--disease
* diarrhea (which may be bloody) * vomiting * fever * abdominal cramps
35
*Salmonella* spp. (except *S. typhi*)--transmission and source
* reptiles * poultry
36
*Yersinia pestis*--disease
* plague
37
*Yersinia pestis*--transmission and source
* fleas * rats and prairie dogs are reservoirs
38
properties of *Gardnerella vaginalis*
* a pleomorphic, gram variable rod * involved in bacterial vaginosis * associated with sexual activity, but NOT sexually transmitted * **Clue** cells (vaginal epithelial cells covered with *Gardnerella*) have stippled appearance along with other margin (see pic)
39
*Gardnerella vaginalis*--presentation
* presents as a gray vaginal discharge with a **fishy** smell * non painful (vs. vaginitis) * **Clue** cells have stippled apparance along outer margin * "I don't have a **clue** why I smell **fish** in the **vagina garden**"
40
*Gardnerella vaginalis*--treatment
* metronidazole * clindamycin
41
Amine Whiff Test
* used for *Gardnerella vaginalis* * mixing discharge with 10% KOH enhances fishy odor
42
Rickettsial diseases and vector borne illnesses--treatment
* treatment for all--doxycyline
43
Rickettsial diseases and vector borne illnesses--which rashes are common?
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever * Typhus
44
Rickettsial diseases and vector borne illnesses--which rashes are rare?
* Ehrlichiosis * Anaplasmosis * Q fever
45
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* *Rickettsia rickettsii* * vector is tick * occurs primarily in South Atlantic states, especiallly North Carolina * rash typically starts at wrists and ankles and then spreads to the trunk, palms, and soles
46
classic triad of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
* headache * fever * rash (vasculitis)
47
in which diseases/infections do you see a **palms**/**soles** rash?
* seen in: * **C**oxsackievirus * **A** infection (hand, foot, mouth disease) * **R**ocky Mountain Spotted fever * 2ndary **S**yphilis * "you drive **CARS** using your **palms** and **soles**"
48
Typhus
* endemic (fleas)--*R. typhi* * epidemic (human body louse)--*R. prowzekii* * rash starts centrally and spreads out
49
how to distinguish Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Typhus?
* ***"R**ickettsia* on the w**R**ists. **T**yphus on the **T**runk"
50
Ehrlichiosis
* *Ehrlichia* * vector is a tick * **M**onocytes with morulae (mul**berry** like inclusions) in cytoplasm
51
Anaplasmosis
* *Anaplasma* * vector is tick * **G**ranulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm
52
how to distinguish Ehrlichiosis from Anaplasmosis?
* **MEGA berry** * **M**onocytes = **E**hrlichiosis * **G**ranulocytes = **A**naplasmosis
53
Q fever
* *Coxiella burnetii* * no arthropod vector * spores inhaled as aerosols from cattle/sheep amniotic fluid * presents as pneumonia * most common cause of culture - endocarditis
54
Q fever mnemonic
* "**Q** fever is **Q**ueer because it has no rash or vector and its causative organism can survive outside in its endospore form." Not in the *Rickettsia* genus, but closely related"
55
properties of Chlamydiae
* cannot make own ATP * obligate intracellular organisms * "Chlamys" = cloak (intracellular) * chlamydial cell wall lacks classic peptidoglycan (due to reduced muramic acid) which renders beta lactam antibiotics less effective
56
what do Chlamydiae cause?
* mucosal infections
57
name the 2 forms of chlamydiae
* elementary body * reticulate body
58
elementary body chlamydiae
* **E**lementary body (small, dense) is "**E**nfectious" and **E**nters cell via **E**ndocytosis * transforms into reticulate body
59
reticulate body chlamydiae
* **R**eticulate body **R**eplicates in cell by fission * **R**eorganizes into elementary bodies
60
*Chlamydia trachomatis*
* causes: * reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome) * follicular conjunctivitis (see pic) * nongonococcal urethritis * PID
61
what 2 types of Chlamydia cause atypical pneumonia? How is it transmitted?
* *Chlamydophila pneumoniae* * *Chlamydophila psittaci* * *​*transmitted by aerosol
62
Chlamydiae--treatment
* azithromycin (favored b/c one time treatment) * doxycycline
63
*C. **p**sittaci*
* has an avian reservoir (**p**arrots) * causes atypical **p**neumonia
64
Chlamydiae--lab diagnosis
* cytoplasmic inclusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent antibody stained smear
65
3 categories of *Chlamydia trachomatis* serotypes
* Types A, B, and C * Types D-K * Types L1, L2, L3
66
Types A, B, C *Chlamydia trachomatis*
* chronic infection * cause blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa * **"ABC** = **A**frica, **B**lindness, **C**hronic infection"
67
Types D-K *Chlamydia trachomatis*
* urethritis/PID * ectopic pregnancy * neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough) with eosinophilia * neonatal conjunctivitis * neonatal disease can be acquired during passage thru infected birth canal * "D-K = everything else"
68
Types **L**1, **L**2, **L**3 *Chlamydia trachomatis*
* **L**ymphogranuloma venereum * small, painless ulcers on genitals --\> swollen, painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerate (buboes) * treat with doxycycline
69
what is the classic cause of atypical "walking" pneumonia, and what are the symptoms?
* *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* * insidious onset * headache * nonproductive cough * patchy or diffuse insterstitial infiltrate
70
*Mycoplasma pneumoniae*
* xray looks worse than the patient * high titer of **cold** agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs * grown on Eaton agar * "*Mycoplasma* gets **cold** without a **coat** (cell wall" * no cell wall * not seen on gram stain * pleomorphic (see pic)
71
*Mycoplasma pneumoniae*--treatment
* macrolides * doxycyline * fluoroquinolone
72
*Mycoplasma pneumoniae--*why is penicillin ineffective
* b/c no cell wall
73
*Mycoplasma pneumoniae*--what is in the bacterial membrane and why?
* sterols for stability
74
in which population is Mycoplasmal pneumonia most common?
* patients \< 30 years old * frequent outbreaks in military recruits and prisons

USMLE Step I Microbiology (44 decks)

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