Classes of Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

aerobes

A
  • use an O2 dependent system to generate ATP
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2
Q

examples of aerobes

A
  • Nocardia
  • Pseudomonas aeroginosa
  • MycoBacterium tuberculosis
    • Nagging Pests Must Breathe”
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3
Q

reactivation of M. tuberculosis

A
  • reactivation after immunocompromise or TNF alpha inhibitor use has a predilection for the apices of the lung
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4
Q

examples of anaerobes

A
  • Clostridium
  • Bacteroides
  • Fusobacterium
  • Actinomyces
    • ​”Anaerobes Can’t Breathe Fresh Air”
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5
Q

why are anaerobes susceptible to oxidative damage?

A
  • lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase
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6
Q

properties of anaerobes

A
  • generally foul smelling–short chain fatty acids
  • difficult to culture
  • produce gas in tissue (CO2 and H2)
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7
Q

where are anaerobes normal in the body?

where are anaerobes abnormal in the body?

A
  • normal in the GI tract
  • pathogenic everywhere else
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8
Q

anaerobes and aminoglycosides

A
  • AminO2glycosides are ineffective against anaerobes b/c these antibiotic require O2 to enter into bacterial cell
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9
Q

name the 2 types of intracellular bug classes

A
  • obligate intracellular
  • facultative intracellular
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10
Q

which bugs are obligate intracellular bugs?

A
  • Rickettsia
  • CHlamydia
  • COxiella
    • ​”Stay inside (cells) when it is Really CHilly and COld.”
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11
Q

obligate intracellular bugs property

A
  • rely on host ATP
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12
Q

which bugs are facultative intracellular bugs?

A
  • Salmonella
  • Neisseria
  • Brucella
  • Mycobacterium
  • Listeria**​
  • Francisella
  • Legionella
  • Yersinia pestis
    • ​”Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY
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13
Q

which bugs are encapsulated bacteria?

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus Influenzae type B
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • group B Strep
    • Please SHINE my SKiS
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14
Q

encapsulated bacteria properties

A
  • capsules serve as an antiphagocytic virulence factor
  • capsular polysaccharide + protein conjugate serves as an antigen in vaccines
  • are opsonized, and then cleared by spleen
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15
Q

encapsulated bacteria and asplenic patients

A
  • asplenics have dec opsonizing ability and thus increase risk for severe infections
    • so give S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis vaccines
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16
Q

explain encapsulated bacteria vaccines

A
  • some vaccines containing polysaccharide capsule antigens are conjugated to a carrier protein, enhancing immunogenicity by promoting T cell activation and subsequent class switching
    • a polysaccharide alone cannot be presented to T cells
17
Q

what are the types of encapsulated bacteria vaccines?

A
  • pneumoccocal vaccine
    • PCV–pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
      • ie. Prevnar
    • PPSV–pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine with no conjugated protein
      • ie. Pneumovax
  • H. influenzae type B–conjugate vaccine
  • Meningococcal vaccine–conjugate vaccine
18
Q

which bugs are urease positive organisms?

A
  • Proteus
  • Cryptococcus
  • H. pylori
  • Ureaplasma
  • Nocardia
  • Klebsiella
  • S. epidermidis
  • S. saprophyticus
    • ​”Pee CHUNKSS
19
Q

urease actions

A
  • urease hydrolyzes urea to release ammonia and CO2 –> increase pH
20
Q

how does catalase work?

A
  • Catalase degrades H2O2 into H2O and bubbles of O2 before it can be converted to microbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
21
Q

patients with chronic granulomatous disease

A
  • people with chronic granulomatous dz (NADPH oxidase deficiency) have recurrent infections with certain catalase + organisms
22
Q

which bugs are catalase positive organisms?

A
  • Nocardia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Listeria
  • Aspergillus
  • Candida
  • E. coli
  • Staphylococci
  • Serratia
  • B. cepacia
  • H. pylori
    • ​”Cats Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs”
23
Q

name the pigment producing bacteria

A
  • Actinomyces israelii
  • S. aureus
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Serratia marcescens
24
Q

Actinomyces israelii–pigment

A
  • yellow“sulfur” granules which are composed of filaments of bacteria
    • Israel has yellow sand
25
*S. aureus*--pigment
* **yellow** pigment * "**Au**reus = **gold**"
26
*P. **aerug**inosa*--pigment
* blue-**green** pigment * "**Aerug**ula is **green**"
27
*Serratia **marcescens***--pigment
* **red** pigment * think "**red maraschino** cherries"
28
name the in vivo biofilm producing bacteria
* *S. epidermidis* * Viridans streptococci * *S. mutans* * *S. sanguinis* * *P. aeruginosa* * Nontypeable (unencapsulated) *H. influenza*
29
what infections occur as a result of S. epidermidis?
* catheter and prosthetic device infections
30
what infections occur as a result of Viridans streptococci (*S. mutans, S. sanguinis*)?
* dental plaques * infective endocarditis
31
what infections occur as a result of *P. aeruginosa*?
* respiratory tree colonization in cystic fibrosis patients * contact lens-associated keratitis
32
what infections occur as a result of nontypeable (unencapsulated) *H. influenza*?
* otitis media