Classes of Bacteria Flashcards
aerobes
- use an O2 dependent system to generate ATP
examples of aerobes
- Nocardia
- Pseudomonas aeroginosa
-
MycoBacterium tuberculosis
- “Nagging Pests Must Breathe”
reactivation of M. tuberculosis
- reactivation after immunocompromise or TNF alpha inhibitor use has a predilection for the apices of the lung
examples of anaerobes
- Clostridium
- Bacteroides
- Fusobacterium
-
Actinomyces
- ”Anaerobes Can’t Breathe Fresh Air”
why are anaerobes susceptible to oxidative damage?
- lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase
properties of anaerobes
- generally foul smelling–short chain fatty acids
- difficult to culture
- produce gas in tissue (CO2 and H2)
where are anaerobes normal in the body?
where are anaerobes abnormal in the body?
- normal in the GI tract
- pathogenic everywhere else
anaerobes and aminoglycosides
- AminO2glycosides are ineffective against anaerobes b/c these antibiotic require O2 to enter into bacterial cell
name the 2 types of intracellular bug classes
- obligate intracellular
- facultative intracellular
which bugs are obligate intracellular bugs?
- Rickettsia
- CHlamydia
-
COxiella
- ”Stay inside (cells) when it is Really CHilly and COld.”
obligate intracellular bugs property
- rely on host ATP
which bugs are facultative intracellular bugs?
- Salmonella
- Neisseria
- Brucella
- Mycobacterium
- Listeria**
- Francisella
- Legionella
-
Yersinia pestis
- ”Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY”
which bugs are encapsulated bacteria?
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus Influenzae type B
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Escherichia coli
- Salmonella
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- group B Strep
- “Please SHINE my SKiS”
encapsulated bacteria properties
- capsules serve as an antiphagocytic virulence factor
- capsular polysaccharide + protein conjugate serves as an antigen in vaccines
- are opsonized, and then cleared by spleen
encapsulated bacteria and asplenic patients
- asplenics have dec opsonizing ability and thus increase risk for severe infections
- so give S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis vaccines
explain encapsulated bacteria vaccines
- some vaccines containing polysaccharide capsule antigens are conjugated to a carrier protein, enhancing immunogenicity by promoting T cell activation and subsequent class switching
- a polysaccharide alone cannot be presented to T cells
what are the types of encapsulated bacteria vaccines?
- pneumoccocal vaccine
- PCV–pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
- ie. Prevnar
- PPSV–pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine with no conjugated protein
- ie. Pneumovax
- PCV–pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
- H. influenzae type B–conjugate vaccine
- Meningococcal vaccine–conjugate vaccine
which bugs are urease positive organisms?
- Proteus
- Cryptococcus
- H. pylori
- Ureaplasma
- Nocardia
- Klebsiella
- S. epidermidis
-
S. saprophyticus
- ”Pee CHUNKSS”
urease actions
- urease hydrolyzes urea to release ammonia and CO2 –> increase pH
how does catalase work?
- Catalase degrades H2O2 into H2O and bubbles of O2 before it can be converted to microbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
patients with chronic granulomatous disease
- people with chronic granulomatous dz (NADPH oxidase deficiency) have recurrent infections with certain catalase + organisms
which bugs are catalase positive organisms?
- Nocardia
- Pseudomonas
- Listeria
- Aspergillus
- Candida
- E. coli
- Staphylococci
- Serratia
- B. cepacia
-
H. pylori
- ”Cats Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs”
name the pigment producing bacteria
- Actinomyces israelii
- S. aureus
- P. aeruginosa
- Serratia marcescens
Actinomyces israelii–pigment
-
yellow“sulfur” granules which are composed of filaments of bacteria
- “Israel has yellow sand”