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USMLE Step I Microbiology > Herpesviruses > Flashcards

Herpesviruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

properties of herpesviruses

A
  • enveloped
  • dsDNA
  • linear viruses
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2
Q

Herpes simplex virus-1–route of transmission

A
  • respiratory secretions
  • saliva
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3
Q

Herpes simplex virus-1–clinical significance

A
  • gingivostomatitis
  • keratoconjunctivitis (A)
  • herpes labialis (B)
  • herpetic whitlow on finger
  • temporal lobe encephalitis
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4
Q

Herpes simplex virus-1–notes

what is it the most common cause of?

how can it present?

A
  • most common cause of sporadic encephalitis
  • can present as altered mental status, seizures, and/or aphasia
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5
Q

Herpes simplex virus-2–route of transmission

A
  • sexual contact
  • perinatal
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6
Q

Herpes simplex virus-2–clinical significance

A
  • herpes genitalis (C)
  • neonatal herpes
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7
Q

Herpes simplex virus-2–notes

where is it latent?

what is more common with HSV2 than HSV1?

A
  • latent in sacral ganglia
  • viral meningitis more common with HSV-2 than HSV-1
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8
Q

Varicella Zoster virus (HHV-3)–route of transmission

A
  • respiratory secretions
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9
Q

Varicella Zoster virus (HHV-3)–clinical significance

A
  • varicella zoster (chickenpox (D), shingles (E))
  • encephalitis
  • pneumonia
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10
Q

what is the most common complication of shingles?

A
  • post herpetic neuralgia
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11
Q

Varicella Zoster virus (HHV-3)–notes

where is it latent?

A
  • latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia
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12
Q

Epstein Barr virus (HHV-4)–route of transmission

A
  • respiratory secretions
  • saliva
    • “aka kissing disease”–common in young adults, teens
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13
Q

Epstein Barr virus (HHV-4)–clinical significance

A
  • mononucleosis
    • fever
    • hepatosplenomegaly
    • pharyngitis
    • lymphadenopathy (especially posterior cervical nodes (F))
    • avoid contact sports until resolution due to risk of splenic rupture
  • associated with lymphomas (ie. endemic Burkitt lymphoma)
  • associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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14
Q

Epstein Barr virus (HHV-4)–notes

which cells does it infect?

blood smear

+ Monospot test

A
  • infects B cells thru CD21
  • atypical lymphocytes on peripheral blood smear (G)
    • not infected B cells but reactive cytotoxic T cells
    • Monospot test
      • heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs
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15
Q

cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)–route of transmission

A
  • congenital transfusion
  • sexual contact
  • saliva
  • urine
  • transplant
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16
Q

cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)–clinical significance

A
  • mononucleosis (- monospot) in immunocompetent patients
  • infection in immunocompromised patients, especially pneumonia in transplant patients
  • AIDS retinitis (“sightomegalovirus”): hemorrhage, cotton wool exudates, vision loss
  • Congenital CMV
17
Q

cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)–notes

what do the infected cells look like?

where is it latent?

A
  • infected cells have characteristic “owl eye” inclusions (H)
  • latent in mononuclear cells
18
Q

human herpes viruses 6 and 7–route of transmission

A
  • saliva
19
Q

human herpes viruses 6 and 7–clinical significance

A
  • roseola infantum (exanthem subitum)
    • high fevers for several days that can cause seizures
    • followed by diffuse macular rash (I)
20
Q

what is a less common cause of roseola?

A

HHV-7

21
Q

human herpesvirus-8–route of transmission

A
  • sexual contact
22
Q

human herpesvirus-8–clinical significance

A
  • Kaposi sarcoma (neoplasm of endothelial cells)
    • seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients
    • dark/violaceous plaques or nodules (J) representing vvascular proliferations
  • can also affect GI and lungs
23
Q

HSV identification

A
  • viral culture for skin/genitalia
  • CSF PCR for herpes encephalitis
  • Tzanck test
    • a smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells
    • (A) commonly seen in HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV infection
      • “Tzanck heavens I do not have herpes”
  • intranuclear inclusions also seen with HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV
24
Q

CMV–receptors

A

integrins (heparin sulfate)

25
Q

EBV–receptors

A

CD21

26
Q

HIV–receptors

A

CD4, CXCR4, CCR5

27
Q

Rabies–receptors

A

nicotinic AChR

28
Q

Rhinovirus–receptors

A

ICAM-1

USMLE Step I Microbiology (44 decks)

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