Fungal Pneumonias Flashcards
1
Q
name the systemic mycoses
A
- Histoplasmosis
- Blastomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
2
Q
properties of the systemic mycoses
A
- all can cause pneumonia
- all can disseminate
- all are caused by dimorphic fungi:
- cold (20 deg C) = mold
-
heat (37 deg C) = yeast
- EXCEPTION: coccidioidomycosis–spherule (not yeast) in tissue
3
Q
systemic mycoses–treatment
A
- fluconazole or itrazonazole for local infection
- amphotericin B for systemic infection
4
Q
how is systemic mycoses similar and different from TB?
A
- can form granulomas–like TB
- CANNOT be transmitted from person to person–unlike TB
5
Q
Histoplasmosis–endemic location and pathologic features
A
- Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
- Macrophage filled with Histoplasma–smaller than RBCs
6
Q
Histoplasmosis:
where does it live?
reservoir?
A
- Histo hides (within macrophages)
- reservoir:
- bird (ie. starlings)
- bat droppings
7
Q
Blastomycosis–endemic location and pathologic features
A
- Eastern US and Central America
- causes inflammatory lung disease
- can disseminate to skin and bone
- forms granulomatous nodules
- broad base budding (same size as RBCs)
- “Blasto buds broadly”
8
Q
coccidioidomycosis–endemic location and pathologic features
A
- Southwestern US, California
- causes pneumonia and meningitis
- can disseminate to skin and bone
- case rate inc after earthquakes (spores in dust thrown into air) –> inhaled –> spherules in lung
- spherule (much larger than RBC) filled with endospores
- “Coccidio crowds endospores”
- “(San Joaquin) Valley fever”
- “Desert bumps” = erythema nodosum
- “Desert rheumatism” = arthralgias
9
Q
Paracoccidioidomycosis–endemic location and pathologic features
A
- Latin America
- budding yeast with “captain’s wheel” formation (much larger than RBC)
- “Paracoccidio parasails with the captain’s wheel all the way to Latin America”
