Hepatitis viruses Flashcards
1
Q
signs and symptoms of all hepatitis viruses:
A
- episodes of fever
- jaundice
- inc ALT
- inc ASt
2
Q
naked hepatitis viruses
A
- includes HAV and HEV
- lack an envelope
- not destroyed by the gut
- “the vowels hit your bowels”
3
Q
HBV DNA polymerase
A
- has DNA and RNA dependent activities
- upon entry into nucleus, the polymerase completes the partial dsDNA
- host RNA polymerase transcribes mRNA from viral DNA to make viral proteins
- the DNA polymerase then reverse transcribes viral RNA to DNA, which is the genome of the progeny virus
4
Q
HCV hepatitis virus
A
- lacks 3’-5’ exonuclease activity –> variation in antigenic structures of HCV envelope proteins
- host antibody production lags behind production of new mutant strains of HCV
5
Q
HAV–virus family
A
- RNA picronavirus
6
Q
HAV–transmission
A
- fecal-oral
- shellfish
- travelers
- day care
7
Q
HAV–incubation
A
- short (weeks)
8
Q
HAV–clinical course
A
- Asymptomatic (usually)
- Acute
9
Q
HAV–prognosis
A
- good
10
Q
HAV–HCC risk
A
- No
11
Q
HAV–liver biopsy
A
- hepatocyte swelling
- monocyte infiltration
- councilman bodies
12
Q
HAV–carrier state
A
- no carrier state (“Alone”)
13
Q
HBV–family
A
- DNA hepadnavirus
14
Q
HBV–transmission
A
- parenteral (Blood)
- sexual (Baby making)
- perinatal (Birthing)
15
Q
HBV–incubation
A
- long (months)
16
Q
HBV–clinical course
A
- initially like serum sickness
- fever
- arthralgias
- rash
- may progress to carcinoma
17
Q
HBV–prognosis
A
- most adults have full resolution
- minority have chronic infection
18
Q
HBV–HCC risk
A
- Yes
19
Q
HBV–liver biopsy
A
- granular eosinophilic “ground glass” appearance
- cytotoxic T cells mediate damage
20
Q
HBV–carrier state
A
- carrier state is common
21
Q
HCV–family
A
- RNA flavivirus
22
Q
HCV–transmission
A
- primarily blood
- IVDU, post transfusion
23
Q
HCV–incubation
A
- long
24
Q
HCV–clinical course
A
- may progress to Cirrhosis or Carcinoma
25
HCV--prognosis
* majority developstable, **C**hronic hepatitis **C**
26
HCV--HCC risk
* Yes
27
HCV--liver biopsy
* lymphoid aggregates with focal areas of macrovesicular steatosis
28
HCV--carrier state
* carrier state common
29
HDV--family
* RNA deltavirus
30
HDV--transmission
* parenteral
* sexual
* perinatal
31
HDV--incubation
* superinfection (HDV after HBV) = short
* coinfection (HDV with HBV) = long
32
HDV--clinical course
* similar to HBV
33
HDV--prognosis
* superinfection --\> worse prognosis
34
HDV--HCC risk
* yes
35
HDV--liver biopsy
* similar to HBV
36
HDV--notes
* **D**efective virus
* **D**epends on HBV
37
HEV--family
* RNA hepevirus
38
HEV--transmission
* fecal-oral
* especially waterborne
39
HEV--incubation
* short
40
H**E**V--clinical course
* fulminant hepatitis in **E**xpectant pregnant women
41
HEV--prognosis
* high mortality in pregnant women
42
HEV--HCC risk
* No
43
HEV--liver biopsy
* patchy necrosis
44
H**E**V--notes
* **E**nteric
* **E**pidemic
* no carrier state
45
Anti-HAV (IgM)--serologic markers
* IgM antibody to HAV
* best test to detect acute hepatitis A
46
Anti-HAV (IgG)--serologic markers
* IgG antibody indicates prior HAV infection and/or prior vaccination
* protects against reinfection
47
HBsAg--serologic markers
* antigen found on surface of HBV
* indicates hepatitis B infection
48
Anti-HBs--serologic markers
* antibody to HBsAg
* indicates immunity to hepatitis B
49
HBcAg--serologic markers
* antigen associated with core of HBV
50
Anti-HBc--serologic markers
* antibody to HBc-Ag
* IgM = acute/recent infection
* IgG = prior exposure or chronic infection
* IgM anti HBc may be the sole + marker of infection during window period
51
HBeAg--serologic markers
* secreted by infected hepatocyte into circulation
* not part of mature HBV virion
* indicates active viral replication and therefore high transmissibility
52
Anti-HBe--serologic markers
* antibody to HBeAg
* indicates low transmissibility
53
Acute HBV--which serologic markers?
* HBsAg
* HBeAg
* Anti HBc IgM
54
Window hepatitis--which serologic markers?
* Anti-HBe
* Anti-HBc IgM
55
Chronic HBV (high infectivity)--which serologic markers?
* HBsAg
* HBeAg
* Anti-HBc IgG
56
Chronic HBV (low infectivity)--which serologic markers?
* HBsAg
* Anti-HBe
* Anti-HBc IgG
57
Recovery hepatitis--which serologic markers?
* Anti-HBs
* Anti-HBe
* Anti-HBc IgG
58
immunized against hepatitis--which serologic markers?
* Anti-HBs
