ToRCHeS Infections Flashcards
what are ToRCHeS infections? what is their transmission?
- microbes that may pass from mother to fetus
- transmission is transplacental in most cases
- OR via delivery (especially HSV-2)
nonspecific signs common to many ToRCHeS infections
- hepatosplenomegaly
- jaundice
- thrombocytopenia
- growth retardation
what are the causes of meningitis in neonates?
- Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
- E. coli
- Listeria monocytogenes
what causes hydrops fetalis?
Parvovirus B19
name the ToRCHeS agents of infection
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Rubella
- Cytomegalovirus
- HIV
- Herpes simplex virus-2
- Syphilis
Toxoplasma gondii–modes of maternal transmission
- cat feces
- ingestion of undercooked meal
Toxoplasma gondii–maternal manifestations
- usually asymptomatic
- lymphadenopathy–rarely
Toxoplasma gondii–neonatal manifestations
- classic triad:
- chorioretinitis
- hydrocephalus
- intracranial calcifications
- +/- bluberry muffin rash (A)
Rubella–modes of maternal transmission
- respiratory droplets
Rubella–maternal manifestations
- rash
- lymphadenopathy
- polyarthritis
- polyarthralgia
rubella–neonatal manifestations
- classic triad
- abnormalities of eye (cataract)
- abnormalities of ear (deafness)
- congenital heart disease (PDA)
- +/- “blueberry muffin” rash
- “I (eye) heart ruby (rubella) earrings.”
cytomegalovirus–modes of maternal transmission
- sexual contact
- organ transplants
cytomegalovirus–maternal manifestations
- usually asymptomatic
- mononucleosis like illness
cytomegalovirus–neonatal manifestations
- hearing loss
- seizures
- petechial rash
- “blueberry muffin” rash
- periventricular calcifications
HIV–modes of maternal transmission
- sexual contact
- needlestick
HIV–maternal manifestations
- variable presentation depending on CD4+ cell count
HIV–neonatal manifestations
- recurrent infections
- chronic diarrhea
Herpes simplex virus-2–modes of maternal transmission
- skin or mucous membrane contact
Herpes simplex virus-2–maternal manifestations
- usually asymptomatic
- herpetic (vesicular) lesions
Herpes simplex virus-2–neonatal manifestations
- encephalitis
- herpetic (vesicular) lesions
syphilis–modes of maternal transmission
- sexual contact
syphilis–maternal manifestations
- chancre (primary)
- disseminated rash (2ndary)
- 2 stages likely to result in fetal infection
syphilis–neonatal manifestations
- often results in stillbirth, hydrops fetalis
- if child survives, presents with:
- facial abnormalities–notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla
- saber shins
- CN VIII deafness
