Yr1 Chemistry and Biochemistry I Flashcards
What is chemistry?
Science that deals with the composition and properties of substances and elementary forms of matter
What is biochemistry
Science concerned with the chemical and physical chemistry processes of substances in living organism
What is matter
Everything around us that has mass and occupies space
What are atoms
Particles that make up matter. Lego bricks that make everything in the universe.
What are the three elements of atoms?
Electrons, protons and neutrons
What is an element?
A substance make from one type of atom so it cannot be split
Chemical symbol of hydrogen
H
Chemical symbol of calcium
Ca
Chemical symbol of carbon
C
Chemical symbol of magnesium
Mg
How many elements in the human body
26
What are the 4 major elements in the human body?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & nitrogen
What does Fe mean?
Iron
What percentage of the human body is made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen?
96%
What forms the nucleus of a atom?
Proton plus neutron
What has a positive charge and mass of approx 1 atomic unit
Proton
What has no charge and mass of approx 1 atomic unit
neutrons
What are electrons?
negatively charged particles that buzz around a nucleus creating an electron cloud.
They have virtually no mass.
How does an atom have an overall neutral charge?
It has an equal number of electrons and protons
How are electrons grouped?
In pairs
What is an electron shell?
Pairs of neutrons moving around the nucleus
How does an atom become reactive?
If the outer shell loses and electron
Why is an atom like a family?
Proton is an adult with one electron child
Neutron is an adult with no children
Adults hang out together in the nucleus and weigh 1
Children weight virtually nothing and buzz around
What determines the chemical properties of an atom?
Number of protons and electrons
What does the number of an element on the periodic table mean? TOP
How many protons and therefor how many electrons.
What does the number of an element on the periodic table mean? BOTTOM
Atomic mass / weight
What do all of the elements in column one of the period table have in common?
React with water - further down the more vigorous reaction
What do floride, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine have in common?
Halogens
What is the relevance of the halogens for thyroid health
Iodine is required for thyroid hormones (T3 & T4). Fluoride and chloride can inhibit iodine absorption
Where would you find fluoride and chloride?
Toothpaste, tap water, mouthwashes, swimming pools and chlorinated washed vegetables
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons in the nucleus
How can isotopes before unstable
When the have a big imbalance of protons compared to neutrons in their nucleus
What’s different about isotopes and what’s the same
Same - chemical activity
Different - atomic mass
How can isotopes cause radiation
When they have more protons than neutrons in their nucleus
How are isotopes used in medicine
Some diagnostic methods use radioactive tracers which emit gamma rays
How does radio therapy use isotopes
It uses gamma rays from radioactive isotopes to target rapidly dividing cells
What is a negative of radiotherapy
It also damages healthy tissues
Which test usings radioactive carbon-14 or non-radioactive carbon-13?
Breath test for H pylori
