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Anatomy > Wray- Test Review #2 > Flashcards

Wray- Test Review #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the listed muscle types has intercalated discs?

A

Cardiac

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2
Q

Muscle reflect after touching something hot is associated with what muscle tissues?

A

Skeletal

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3
Q

Muscles found in stomach, small intestice and iris of the eye belong to which of the muscle groups?

A

Smooth

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4
Q

Light bands of the striated muscle is associated with __________.

A

I band

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the effects of exercise on muscles?

a. Muscles will increase in size with high level of aerobic exercises
b. Jogging and biking are examples of endurance training
c. Continuous endurance activity protect muscles from being fatigued easily
d. Both a and b are correct
e. All of the above are correct.

A

a. Muscles will increase in size with high level of aerobic exercises

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6
Q

Which protein makes up the thick filament?

A

Myosin

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7
Q

What is/are the conponents of the A band

A

Thick and thin filaments

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8
Q

T/F: Aerobic respiration produces high amount of ATP and lactic acid

A

FALSE

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9
Q

T/F: The heavier the object you are lifting the more skeletal muscles activated and the weaker the muscle contraction

A

FALSE

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10
Q

T/F: Weightlifting is an example of endurance training

A

FALSE

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11
Q

Muscle fatigue is associated with build up of __________ in the muscle tissue

A

Lactic Acid

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12
Q

Which of the following function is NOT associated with muscular tissue?

a. generation of heat
b. maintaining posture
c. production of movement
d. stabilization of joints
e. none of the above

A

None of the above?

a. generation of heat
b. maintaining posture
c. production of movement
d. stabilization of joints

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13
Q

Light and dark patterns observed on the muscle

A

Striation

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14
Q

Voluntary movement is associated with which type of muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle only

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15
Q

Muscles with a single nucleus for each cell

A

Smooth and Cardiac

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16
Q

A contractile unit of the muscle fiber

A

Sarcomere

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17
Q

Dark patterns of the muscle are associated with which band?

A

Thick & thin filaments

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18
Q

Structure that marks the boundaries for each sarcomere

A

Z disc

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19
Q

Involuntary movements are associated with which type of muscle?

A

Smooth and cardiac

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20
Q

Location where ACh is stored inside a neuron

A

Axon Terminal

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21
Q

Regulatory protein that allows interaction between myosin and actin

A

Calcium

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22
Q

Connection between myosin and actin is known as

A

Cross bridge

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23
Q

Structure that stores Ca inside the muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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24
Q

Region where ACh is released into

A

Neurotransmitter junction

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25
Q

Ions associated with action potential

A

Sodium & potassium

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26
Q

Structure responsible for production of ATP inside the cell

A

Mitochondria

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27
Q

Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.

Value 11 mg/dL in the above paragraph represent __________

A

Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.

Set point

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28
Q

Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.

In the above paragraph, calcitonin represents the __________ in the stimulus response system

A

Output

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29
Q

Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.

In the above paragraph, inhibition of bone breakdown represents which part of stimulus/response system?

A

Effect

30
Q

Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.

Based on the given information, which part of the stimulus/response system does thyroid gland represent?

A

Sensor controller

31
Q

Which of the following choices is a homeostatically regulated pathway?

a. Calcium level
b. Glucose level
c. Body temperature
d. All of the above

A

All of the above:

a. Calcium level
b. Glucose level
c. Body temperature

32
Q

T/F: Systole corresponds to muscle contraction

A

True

33
Q

During which stage of the cardiac cycle does the ventricles contract?

A

Ventricular Systole

34
Q

During which stage of the cardiac cycle does the atria contract?

A

Mid-to-late diastole

35
Q

During which state of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves close?

A

Ventricular Systole

36
Q

The aortic semilunar valve closes to prevent the backflow of blood to the

A

Left Ventricle

37
Q

The mitral valve is located between the _______ and ________.

A

Left atrium, left ventricle

38
Q

Blood vessels returning blood to the left atrium is known as

A

Pulmonary veins

39
Q

Valve that prevents back flow to the RA is known as

A

Both bicuspid valve and atrioventricular valve

40
Q

Chamber of the heart that receives blood from superior venae cavea is known as

A

RA

41
Q

Blood vessels that take blood to lungs is known as

A

Pulmonary artery

42
Q

During which stage of cardiac cycle blood freely flows from atria –> ventricles?

A

Early diastole

43
Q

Blood vessels that collect blood from the systemic circulation

A

Superior and Inferior Venae Cava

44
Q

The blood vessel responsible for sending blood through systemic circulation

A

Aorta

45
Q

Which part of the intrinsic conduction system sets up the heart rhythm?

A

SA Node

46
Q

A heart condition in which the heart beat drops lower than 60 beats/min is known as:

A

Bradycardia

47
Q

Which part of the intrinsic conduction system is located just superior to the right AV valve?

A

AV node

48
Q

A large dog is chasing you down the stree. Which of the following statement is true in regards to your cardiovascular system?

A

Sympathetic division of nervous system is highly active

49
Q

“Lub-dub:” The lub sound of the heart is associated with

A

AV valves closing

50
Q

Cardiac output depends on ___________

A

Both A & B:
A. Stroke Volume
B. Heart Rate

51
Q

The smallest branching of the intrinsic system that spreads the action potential through the heart is known as

A

Purkinjie Fiber

52
Q

Irregular heart beat is known as

A

Arrhythmia

53
Q

T/F: Parasympathetic division of nervous system causes a decrease in heart rate

A

True

54
Q

T/F: Your normal heartbeat does not require input from the nervous system

A

True

55
Q

Blood going to the tissue is ______ on oxygen and _______ on carbon dioxide

A

high, low

56
Q

Buffy coat refers to the __________

A

WBCs

57
Q

What is the top most layer of the blood after centrifugation?

A

plasma

58
Q

Which of the following items listed is not part of the plasma layer?

a. water
b. hormones
c. globin
d. bicarbonate
e. none of the above

A

Globin

59
Q

Blood going to your lungs is _____ on oxygen and _______ on CO2

A

low, high

60
Q

What is the lease common type of WBC?

A

Basophils

61
Q

Which of the following statements is not true?
a. There is an increase in size of the buffy coat during infection.
b. Males have higher plasma level due to larger muscle weight.
c. Removal of toxins is associated with the buffy coat.
d. Clotting ability of blood is associated with plasma layer.
E. both a and d

A

b. Males have higher plasma level due to larger muscle weight.

62
Q

Which of the following statesments is true about Sickle Cell anemia?

a. Sickle cell anemia is associated with erythrocytes
b. A person with Sickle cell enemia can make normal WBCs
c. Sickle cell anemia causes changes to the globin protein of hemoglobin
d. Only a and b
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

63
Q

True or False: High blood oxygen level leads to an increase of production of EPO

A

False

64
Q

How many oxygen molecules can an iron molecule carry?

A

1

65
Q

What part of hemoglobin is responsible for transport of CO2?

A

Globin

66
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about RBCs?

a. Every RBC contains a nucleus but no organelles
b. RBCs rely on anaerobic reaction to produce its own energy
c. Iron is an essential component of the hemoglobin
d. The spleen is responsible for destruction of the RBCs
e. All of the above statements are correct.

A

a. Every RBC contains a nucleus but no organelles

67
Q

T/F: There are a total of four heme molecules per hemoglobin protein.

A

True

68
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Kidney disease could lead to hypoxia.
b. erythropoietin is prduced by the liver and controls the level of RBC production
c. Decrease in oxygen levels in blood causes a decrease in EPO production
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c

A

a. Kidney disease could lead to hypoxia.

69
Q

T/F: Hematopoietic stem cells are associated with red bone marrow.

A

True

70
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin refers to the hemoglobin that

a. is bound to oxygen
b. is bound to CO2
c. has released its oxygen
d. both a and c

A

c. Has released its oxygen

Anatomy (22 decks)

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