Wray- Test Review #2 Flashcards
Which of the listed muscle types has intercalated discs?
Cardiac
Muscle reflect after touching something hot is associated with what muscle tissues?
Skeletal
Muscles found in stomach, small intestice and iris of the eye belong to which of the muscle groups?
Smooth
Light bands of the striated muscle is associated with __________.
I band
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the effects of exercise on muscles?
a. Muscles will increase in size with high level of aerobic exercises
b. Jogging and biking are examples of endurance training
c. Continuous endurance activity protect muscles from being fatigued easily
d. Both a and b are correct
e. All of the above are correct.
a. Muscles will increase in size with high level of aerobic exercises
Which protein makes up the thick filament?
Myosin
What is/are the conponents of the A band
Thick and thin filaments
T/F: Aerobic respiration produces high amount of ATP and lactic acid
FALSE
T/F: The heavier the object you are lifting the more skeletal muscles activated and the weaker the muscle contraction
FALSE
T/F: Weightlifting is an example of endurance training
FALSE
Muscle fatigue is associated with build up of __________ in the muscle tissue
Lactic Acid
Which of the following function is NOT associated with muscular tissue?
a. generation of heat
b. maintaining posture
c. production of movement
d. stabilization of joints
e. none of the above
None of the above?
a. generation of heat
b. maintaining posture
c. production of movement
d. stabilization of joints
Light and dark patterns observed on the muscle
Striation
Voluntary movement is associated with which type of muscle?
Skeletal muscle only
Muscles with a single nucleus for each cell
Smooth and Cardiac
A contractile unit of the muscle fiber
Sarcomere
Dark patterns of the muscle are associated with which band?
Thick & thin filaments
Structure that marks the boundaries for each sarcomere
Z disc
Involuntary movements are associated with which type of muscle?
Smooth and cardiac
Location where ACh is stored inside a neuron
Axon Terminal
Regulatory protein that allows interaction between myosin and actin
Calcium
Connection between myosin and actin is known as
Cross bridge
Structure that stores Ca inside the muscle cell
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Region where ACh is released into
Neurotransmitter junction
Ions associated with action potential
Sodium & potassium
Structure responsible for production of ATP inside the cell
Mitochondria
Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.
Value 11 mg/dL in the above paragraph represent __________
Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.
Set point
Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.
In the above paragraph, calcitonin represents the __________ in the stimulus response system
Output
Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.
In the above paragraph, inhibition of bone breakdown represents which part of stimulus/response system?
Effect
Homeostasis Story:
If blood calcium concetnration rises above a value of 11 mg/dL, the thyroid gland that monitors the level of calcium in the blood, are stimulated to release the hormone calcitonin (CT) into the blood. CT inhibits the reabsorption of calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL. In addition, CT inhibits the breakdown of bone, thus decreasing the blood calcium concentration to lower than 11 mg/dL.
Based on the given information, which part of the stimulus/response system does thyroid gland represent?
Sensor controller
Which of the following choices is a homeostatically regulated pathway?
a. Calcium level
b. Glucose level
c. Body temperature
d. All of the above
All of the above:
a. Calcium level
b. Glucose level
c. Body temperature
T/F: Systole corresponds to muscle contraction
True
During which stage of the cardiac cycle does the ventricles contract?
Ventricular Systole
During which stage of the cardiac cycle does the atria contract?
Mid-to-late diastole
During which state of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves close?
Ventricular Systole
The aortic semilunar valve closes to prevent the backflow of blood to the
Left Ventricle
The mitral valve is located between the _______ and ________.
Left atrium, left ventricle
Blood vessels returning blood to the left atrium is known as
Pulmonary veins
Valve that prevents back flow to the RA is known as
Both bicuspid valve and atrioventricular valve
Chamber of the heart that receives blood from superior venae cavea is known as
RA
Blood vessels that take blood to lungs is known as
Pulmonary artery
During which stage of cardiac cycle blood freely flows from atria –> ventricles?
Early diastole
Blood vessels that collect blood from the systemic circulation
Superior and Inferior Venae Cava
The blood vessel responsible for sending blood through systemic circulation
Aorta
Which part of the intrinsic conduction system sets up the heart rhythm?
SA Node
A heart condition in which the heart beat drops lower than 60 beats/min is known as:
Bradycardia
Which part of the intrinsic conduction system is located just superior to the right AV valve?
AV node
A large dog is chasing you down the stree. Which of the following statement is true in regards to your cardiovascular system?
Sympathetic division of nervous system is highly active
“Lub-dub:” The lub sound of the heart is associated with
AV valves closing
Cardiac output depends on ___________
Both A & B:
A. Stroke Volume
B. Heart Rate
The smallest branching of the intrinsic system that spreads the action potential through the heart is known as
Purkinjie Fiber
Irregular heart beat is known as
Arrhythmia
T/F: Parasympathetic division of nervous system causes a decrease in heart rate
True
T/F: Your normal heartbeat does not require input from the nervous system
True
Blood going to the tissue is ______ on oxygen and _______ on carbon dioxide
high, low
Buffy coat refers to the __________
WBCs
What is the top most layer of the blood after centrifugation?
plasma
Which of the following items listed is not part of the plasma layer?
a. water
b. hormones
c. globin
d. bicarbonate
e. none of the above
Globin
Blood going to your lungs is _____ on oxygen and _______ on CO2
low, high
What is the lease common type of WBC?
Basophils
Which of the following statements is not true?
a. There is an increase in size of the buffy coat during infection.
b. Males have higher plasma level due to larger muscle weight.
c. Removal of toxins is associated with the buffy coat.
d. Clotting ability of blood is associated with plasma layer.
E. both a and d
b. Males have higher plasma level due to larger muscle weight.
Which of the following statesments is true about Sickle Cell anemia?
a. Sickle cell anemia is associated with erythrocytes
b. A person with Sickle cell enemia can make normal WBCs
c. Sickle cell anemia causes changes to the globin protein of hemoglobin
d. Only a and b
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
True or False: High blood oxygen level leads to an increase of production of EPO
False
How many oxygen molecules can an iron molecule carry?
1
What part of hemoglobin is responsible for transport of CO2?
Globin
Which of the following statements is not true about RBCs?
a. Every RBC contains a nucleus but no organelles
b. RBCs rely on anaerobic reaction to produce its own energy
c. Iron is an essential component of the hemoglobin
d. The spleen is responsible for destruction of the RBCs
e. All of the above statements are correct.
a. Every RBC contains a nucleus but no organelles
T/F: There are a total of four heme molecules per hemoglobin protein.
True
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Kidney disease could lead to hypoxia.
b. erythropoietin is prduced by the liver and controls the level of RBC production
c. Decrease in oxygen levels in blood causes a decrease in EPO production
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
a. Kidney disease could lead to hypoxia.
T/F: Hematopoietic stem cells are associated with red bone marrow.
True
Deoxyhemoglobin refers to the hemoglobin that
a. is bound to oxygen
b. is bound to CO2
c. has released its oxygen
d. both a and c
c. Has released its oxygen
