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Anatomy > Wray- Digestive System > Flashcards

Wray- Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth/ Oral Cavity

A

If it is cut, mucosa cells produce antimicrobial peptides to protect against infection

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2
Q

Uvula (3)

A
  • Conical structure in the back of the throat
  • Prevent food going down through the breathing passage while you swallow
  • Involved in speech
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3
Q

Tongue (3)

A
  • Made of skeletal muscle
  • Mixes food with saliva to create a compact ball of food
  • Initiates swallowing
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4
Q

Salivary Glands (4)

A
  • Clean and moisten mouth and food

- Contain enzyme Amylase –> Breaks down carbohydrates

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5
Q

Teeth: External (3)

A
  1. Crown: visible portion of teeth above gum line
  2. Neck: Area where the crown joins the root
  3. Root: Portion of teeth embedded in the jaw
    • 1-3 roots
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6
Q

Teeth: Internal (3)

A
  1. Enamel:
  2. Dentin:
  3. Pulp Cavity
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7
Q

Dental Disease: Dental Plaques

A

A film of sugar and bacteria that adhere to the teeth

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8
Q

Dental disease: Cavities

A

Demineralization of enamel and dentin by bacterial

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9
Q

Dental disease: Gingivitis

A

Result of unremoved plaque that could disrupt the seal between teeth and gum allowing bacteria to infect the gum

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10
Q

Pharynx:

A

Throat

- Similar histology to mouth

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11
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Muscular tube about 25 cm
  • Connect mouth to stomach
  • Epiglottis: closes the larynx when food passes through pharynx
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12
Q

Gastroespohageal sphincter:

A
  • Muscle that controls food entry to stomach

- Prevent gastric juices to back into the esophagus

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13
Q

Stomach: location

A
  • left quadrant of abdominal cavity

- underneath the cavity

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14
Q

Stomach: function

A
  • temporary food storage
  • Initial breakdown of proteins and lipids
  • Produce chyme (creamy paste)
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15
Q

Stomach: size

A
  • empty 50 mL
  • Full 4L
  • Rugae: fold in the stomach wall that allows the stomach size to increase
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16
Q

Acidic environment of stomach

A
  • HCl
  • 100,000 x more acidic than blood (2 –> 7)
    Protection:
  • Alkaline (basic) mucous layer that protects cells
  • Fast replacement of cells
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17
Q

Digestive process in stomach

A
  • Protein digestion starts by HCl and pepsin

- Lipid digestion is initiated by lipase

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18
Q

Can we survive without a stomach?

A

YES

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19
Q

Gastric Ulcer (3)

A
  • Erosions on the stomach wall
  • Bacteria with a drill-like head to breach/destroy the mucosal layer
  • Healing ulcers: antibiotics
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20
Q

Small Intestine: Pyloric sphincter

A
  • Controls how much food enters the SI
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21
Q

Small Intestine Function

A

Digestion of food and absorption of nutrients

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22
Q

Small Intestine: Duodenum

A
  • 25 cm
  • Bile duct ends there delivering bile from the liver
  • Pancreatic duct ends there delivering pancreatic juices
  • Digestion and absorption of all nutrients is either initiated of continues
  • Most important portion of the SI
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23
Q

Small Intestine: Jejunum

A

2.5 m (8 ft): Food/nutrient absorption

24
Q

Small Intestine: Ileum

A
  • 3.6 m (10 ft): Nutrients absorption
25
Q

Large Intestine: Function (3)

A
  • Water reabsorption
  • Removal of waste
  • Breakdown of fiber (indigestible carbs)
26
Q

Large Intestine: Components

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Colon
  3. Rectum
  4. Anal canal
  5. Anus
27
Q

Large Intestine: Cecum

A
  • first part of LI

- connects SI to ascending colon

28
Q

Large Intestine: Colon Function (3)

A
  • Move waste products out of the body
  • Absorb water
  • Break down fiber
29
Q

Large Intestine: Colon Parts (3)

A
  1. Ascending colon
  2. Transverse colon
  3. Descending colon
30
Q

Large Intestine: Rectum

A
  • Final portion of LI

- Storage of feces

31
Q

Accessory organs of digestive system (3)

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gall bladder
  3. Pancreas
32
Q

Liver: function

A
  1. Filter and process nutrient rich blood delivered from GI tract
  2. Secrete bile essential for food digestion
  3. Packs and stores extra nutrients received from SI
33
Q

Liver: Location

A
  • Top right of abdominal cavity
  • underneath diaphragm
  • Largest organ
34
Q

Bile

A

Emulsification of fat

  1. Lipase digests fats
  2. Bile breaks down fats into smaller pieces to aid lipase in the complete breakdown (increases surface area)
35
Q

Liver lobes

A
  • Large right

- Small left

36
Q

Liver: Hepatocytes

A
  • Liver cells
    1. Secrete bile essential for food digestion in SI
    2. Detoxification of blood ammonia –> Urea
37
Q

Liver: Blood vessels (3)

A
  1. Hepatic portal vein
  2. Hepatic artery
  3. Central vein
38
Q

Liver: Hepatic portal vein

A
  1. brings blood from digestive tract

2. nutrient rich blood from the GI tract must pass through liver to detoxify

39
Q

Liver: Hepatic artery

A

Bring oxygenated blood from the heart

40
Q

Liver: Central vein

A
  1. Takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart
  2. Combination of blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
  3. Connects to the IVC
41
Q

Hepatitis: definition

A

inflammation of liver due to viral infection

42
Q

_______ Hepatitis viruses have been identified:

A

Six (A - F)

43
Q

HVB & HVC

A

transmitted via blood –> causes chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis

44
Q

Cirrhosis:

A
  • Damage to the hepatocytes

- Causes blockage of hepatic portal

45
Q

Gallbladder: Location

A

green muscular sac located inferior to liver

46
Q

Gallblader: Function

A

Stores concetrated bile that is not immediately needed

47
Q

Pancreas: Location

A

Tadpole-shaped organ that sits inferior to the stomach

48
Q

Pancreas: Function

A

Produces enzymes (pancreatic juices) that breaks down all food groups

49
Q

Pancreatic juices: (4)

A
  1. Trypsin
  2. Amylase
  3. Lipases
  4. Nucleases
50
Q

Trypsin

A

Breaks down proteins

51
Q

Amylase:

A

Breaks down carbohydrates

52
Q

Lipases:

A

Breaks down fats that have been emulsified by bile salt

53
Q

Nucleases:

A

breaks down nucleotides

54
Q

How much time does the food spend in the small intestine

A

3-6 hours

55
Q

Small intestine absorbs

A

AA, sugars, fatty acids, toxins, and medications

- Sends it to the liver –> detoxifies –> heart

Anatomy (22 decks)

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