Respiratory (Friedman) Flashcards
components of the respiratory system
- nose 2. pharynx 3. larynx 4. trachea 5. bronchi 6. lungs
function
smell, warms air, collect and remove dust, mucus production: moisten air
sinusitis
Sinus inflammation
sinus headache
blockage of passage between nasal cavity and sinuses because of high mucus (creates vacuum)
pharynx
subular structure connecting nasal passage to larynx
larynx
rings of hyaline cartilage, vocal cord, epiglottis: gateway to digestive system and respiratory system
trachea
tubular structure in front of the esophagus, contains hyalin cartilage to keep it open
brochi
branching from trachea to left and right lungs
bronchioles
further branching as it enters the lungs
lungs
occupy the thoracic cavity - situated on top of the diaphragm
thoracic cavity
pulmonary pleura, parietal pleura, & pleural space
pulmonary pleura
membrane layer surrounding the lung
parietal pleura
membrane layer surround the thoracic cavity
pleural space
space between pulmonary & parietal pleura
alveoli
air sace where gas exchange take place
4 respiratory physiology
- pulmonary ventilation (inhalation & ehalation) 2. external respiration 3. respiratory gas transport 4. internal respiration
inhalation
contraction of diaphragm/intercostal muscles leads to increase in thoracic cavity - diaphragm flattens
air pressure (inhalation)
decrease in pressure INSIDE - atmosphere air pressure INCREASES
exhalation
respiratory muscles relax - volume of thoracic cavity decreases
air pressure (exhalation)
Increased pressure INSIDE - atmosphere air pressure is below inside’s
gas exchange between alveoli and blood
external respiration
air in alveoli
high in oxygen - low in CO2
blood comes from heart
high in CO2 - low in oxygen
gas exchange between blood and tissue
internal respiration
blood (arteries) internal respiration
high in oxygen - low CO2
tissue - internal respiration
high CO2 (cellular respiration) - low oxygen
oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from ______ to _______ concentration
high to low concentration
protein responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
hemoglobin
how many hemoglobin inside every red blood cell?
250 million
bright red (arteries) = hemoglobin + __________
oxygen
dark red (veins) = hemoglobin + __________
CO2
respiratory volumes
- tidal volume 2. expiratory reserve volume 3. inspiratory reserve volume 4. residual volume
normal volum of air exchange during breathing
tidal volume (500ml)
air exhaled forefully from lungs after exhalation
expiratory reserve volume (3100ml)
air inhaled forcefully into the lungs after normal breathing
inspiratory reserve volume (1200ml)
air that is always remain in the lungs even after expiratory reserve
residual volume (1200ml)
emphysema
destruction of the alveoli, caused by smoking and pollution, causes decrease in surface area of lung, limits amount of air exchange. can never recover fully.
inflammation and overproduction of mucus in airways (respiratory disease)
asthma
swelling and inflammation of bronchi caused by: viral or bacterial infection (respiratory diease)
bronchitis
inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs caused by: bacterial or viral infection - bronchitis can lead to this (respiratory disease)
pneumonia
