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Wray- Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are Olfactory Receptors?

A

Allows the detection of smell

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2
Q

Purpose of network of blood vessels in the nose

A

warms up the air

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3
Q

Purpose of nasal hair

A

Collect and remove dust particles

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4
Q

Purpose of mucus (2)

A
  1. Moisten air
  2. Trap bacteria and send them to stomach (via throat)
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5
Q

Sinusitis

A

Over production of mucus by sinus

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6
Q

Sinus headache: (3)

A
  1. High mucus production
  2. Blockage of passage between nasal cavity and sinuses
  3. Vacuum is created
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7
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Throat

  • Connects the nasal passage –> larynx
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8
Q

What is the Larynx? (4)

A

Voice box:

  • Lined with rings of hyaline cartilage
  • Contains vocal cords
  • Contains the epiglottis
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9
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Windpipe

  • Tube in front of espohagus
  • Contains hyaline cartilage to keep it open
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10
Q

What is the bronchial tree?

A
  1. Bronchi
  2. Bronchioles
  3. Terminal Bronchioles
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11
Q

Left Lung

A
  1. Superior Lobe
  2. Inferior Lobe
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12
Q

Right Lung (3)

A
  1. Superior
  2. Middle
  3. Inferior
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13
Q

What is the pulmonary pleura?

A

The membrane layer surrounding the lung

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14
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

Membrane layer surrounding the thoracic cavity

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15
Q

What is pleural space? (3)

A
  1. Space between 2 membranes
  2. Filled with pleural fluid

*Lung collapse

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16
Q

What is a lung collapse?

A

* Introductin air into pleural space as a result disconnect parietal from visceral pleura

* The lung is elastic by nature–> it will collapse but it cannot recoil

17
Q

Inhalation: Step 1

A
  1. Contraction of diaphram & intercostal muscles:

*Increase in thoracic cavity size

  • Diaphram flattens
  • Intercostal muscle lift the rib cage
18
Q

Inhalation: Step 2

A

Lung cavity increases in size

(connection to thoracic cavity)

19
Q

Inhalation: step 3

A

Decrease in pressure inside the lung (parietal vacuum)

20
Q

Inhalation: Step 4

A

Atmosphere air (higher pressure) rushes in

21
Q

Inhalation: Step 5

A

Pressure inside the lungs and atmosphere is equal

22
Q

Exhalation: Step 1

A
  1. Respiratory muscles relax
    - thoracic cavity decreases
23
Q

Exhalation: Step 2

A

Lung cavity volume decreases

24
Q

Exhalation: step 3

A

Pressure in the lungs is high than the atmosphere

25
Q

Exhalation: Step 4

A

Air moves from high –> low pressure; air leaves the lungs

26
Q

Exhalation: Step 5

A

Air pressure is equal in both the lungs and atmosphere

27
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Normal volume of air exchanged during breathing
(~500 mL of air)

28
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Air exhaled forcefully from lungs after normal exhalation
(1200 mL)

29
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Air forcefully into the lungs after normal breathing
(3100 mL)

30
Q

Residual volume

A

Air that always remains in the lungs even after expiratory reserve volume… no matter what
(1200 mL)

31
Q

Emphysema

A

Destruction of the alveoli of the lungs

  • Usually caused by smoking and pollution
  • Decreases surface area of lung
  • Limits the amount of gas exchange
32
Q

Asthma (5)

A

Inflammation and overproduction of mucus in the airways

  • Trachea and bronchi
  • Triggered by: pollen, pollutant, allergic reaction
  • No cure
  • Treatment: fast acting inhaler –> dilate airway muscles
33
Q

Bronchitis

A

Swelling and inflammation of bronchi

  • Result of viral or bacterial infection
  • Treatment:
    1. immune response
    2. antiviral or antibacterial medication
34
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs

  • Bronchitis can lead to pneumonia
  • Caused by: bacterial or viral infection

Treatment:

  1. Immune system
  2. Anitviral or anitbacterial system

Anatomy (22 decks)

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