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Anatomy > Digestive (Friedman) > Flashcards

Digestive (Friedman) Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth & associated organs

A

mouth, uvula, tongue, & calivary glands

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2
Q

mouth

A

if it is cut (mucosa cells produce antimicrobial peptides to protect against infection)

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3
Q

conical muscular structure in the back of throat - prevent food going down through the breathing passage while swallowing - involved in speach

A

uvula

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4
Q

made of skeletal muscle - mixes food with saliva to create a compact ball of food /initiates swallowing

A

tongue

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5
Q

cleans & moisten mouth and food, contain ensyme amylase to break down carbohydrates, dissolve food chemicals so it could be tasted

A

saliva

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6
Q

salive

A

95% water + ions (Na, K, Cl,…) enzymes

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7
Q

external components of teeth

A

crown, neck, & root

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8
Q

visible portion of teeth above gum line (teeth)

A

crown

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9
Q

area where the crown joins the root (teeth)

A

neck

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10
Q

portion of teeth embedded in the jow (teeth)

A

root (have between 1-3 roots)

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11
Q

internal components of teeth

A

enamel, dentin, & pulp cavity

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12
Q

composed of calcium salt; protects teeth from wear and tear of chewing, protects against acid that can dissolve dentin (teeth)

A

enamel

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13
Q

protein rich bone like material, made of calcium give tooh its rigidity (teeth)

A

dentin

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14
Q

connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerve, and lymphatic vessels (teeth)

A

pulp cavity

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15
Q

dental diseases

A

dental plaques, cavities, & gingivitis

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16
Q

a film of sugar & bacteria that adhere to the teeth (teeth)

A

dental plaques

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17
Q

demineralization of enamel and dentin by bacteria (teeth)

A

cavities

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18
Q

result of enremoved plaque that could disrupts the deal between teeth and gum allowing bacteria to infect the gum (teeth)

A

gingivitis

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19
Q

connects mouth throat to stomach

A

esophagus

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20
Q

closes the larynx when food passes through pharynx

A

epiglottis

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21
Q

muscle that controls food entry to stomach - prevent gastric juices to move back into esophagus

A

gastroesophageal sphincter

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22
Q

stomach (location)

A

left quadrant of abdominal cavity, underneath the diaphragm

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23
Q

stomach (function)

A

temporary food storage before small intestine - initial breakdown of proteins & lipids - produce chyme (creamy paste)

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24
Q

stomach (size)

A

empty 50ml - full up to 4L

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25
Q

fold in the stomach wall that allows the stomache size to increase

A

rugae

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26
Q

acidic environment (stomach)

A

lots of H+ ions because of HCI in stomach - 100,000 fold more acidic that blood

27
Q

protection of stomach against its acidic environment

A

alkaline (basic) mucous layer that protect the cells & fast replacement of cells

28
Q

can we survive without a stomach?

A

yes

29
Q

erosion on the stomach wall caused by bacteria with a drill like head to breach/destroy the mucosal layer (stomache)

A

gastric ulcers

30
Q

sphincter controls how much food enters small intestine

A

puyloric sphincter

31
Q

components of small inestine

A
  1. duodenum (25cm) 2. jejunum (8ft) 3. Ileum (10ft)
32
Q

duodenum

A

-bile ducts ends there delivering bile from liver - pancreatic duct ends there delivering pancreatic juices - digestion and absorption of all nutrients is either initiated or continues

33
Q

component of small intestine responsible for food absorption

A

jejunum

34
Q

component of small intestine responsible for nutrients absorption

A

ileum

35
Q

function of large intestine

A

-water reabsorption -removal of waste -breakdown of fiber

36
Q

components of large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum, & anal canal

37
Q

first part of large intestine, connecting small intestine to ascending colon (large intestine)

A

cecum

38
Q

move waste products out of the body, absorb water, and break down fiber (large intestine)

A

colon

39
Q

final portion of large intestine, storage of feces

A

rectum

40
Q

colon (3 parts)

A

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon

41
Q

accessory organs of digestive system

A
  1. liver 2. gallbladder 3. pancreas
42
Q

liver (function)

A

filter and process nutrient rich blood delivered from the GI tract - secrete bile essential for food digestion

43
Q

liver (location)

A

top right hand of abdominal cavity, underneath the diaphragm. largest organ

44
Q

liver has ______ main lobes

A

2 main lobes (large right lobe and small left lobe)

45
Q

hepatocytes (liver)

A

secrete bile essential for food digestion in small intestine, detoxification of blood ammonia (urea)

46
Q

Liver blood bessels

A
  1. hepatic portal vein 2. hepatic artery 3. central vein
47
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

bring blood from the digestive tract, nutrient rich blood from the GI track must pass through liver to detoxify

48
Q

hepatic artery

A

bring oxygenated blood from the heart

49
Q

central vein

A

takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart, combination of blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

50
Q

hepatitis

A

6 viruses have been identified (a - f)

51
Q

inflammation of liver due to viral infection

A

hepatitis

52
Q

HVB & HVC

A

transmitted via blood - cause chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis

53
Q

damage to the hepatocytes - causes blockage of hepatic portal

A

cirrhosis

54
Q

gallbladder (location)

A

green muscular sac located inferior to liver

55
Q

gallbladder (function)

A

stores and concentrated bile that is not immediately needed

56
Q

pancreas (location)

A

tadpole shape organ sits inderior to the stomach

57
Q

pancreas (function)

A

produces enzymes (known as pancreatic juices) that break down all food groups

58
Q

panctreatic juices

A
  1. trypsin 2. amylase 3. lipases 4. nucleases
59
Q

breaks down proteins (pancreatic juices)

A

trypsin

60
Q

breaks down carbohydrates (pancreatic juices)

A

amylase

61
Q

breakdown fat that have been emulsify by bile salt (pancreatic juices)

A

lipases

62
Q

break down nucleotides (pancreatic juices)

A

nucleases

63
Q

food spends between _____-_______ hours in the small intestine

A

3-6 hours

Anatomy (22 decks)

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