Digestive (Friedman) Flashcards
Mouth & associated organs
mouth, uvula, tongue, & calivary glands
mouth
if it is cut (mucosa cells produce antimicrobial peptides to protect against infection)
conical muscular structure in the back of throat - prevent food going down through the breathing passage while swallowing - involved in speach
uvula
made of skeletal muscle - mixes food with saliva to create a compact ball of food /initiates swallowing
tongue
cleans & moisten mouth and food, contain ensyme amylase to break down carbohydrates, dissolve food chemicals so it could be tasted
saliva
salive
95% water + ions (Na, K, Cl,…) enzymes
external components of teeth
crown, neck, & root
visible portion of teeth above gum line (teeth)
crown
area where the crown joins the root (teeth)
neck
portion of teeth embedded in the jow (teeth)
root (have between 1-3 roots)
internal components of teeth
enamel, dentin, & pulp cavity
composed of calcium salt; protects teeth from wear and tear of chewing, protects against acid that can dissolve dentin (teeth)
enamel
protein rich bone like material, made of calcium give tooh its rigidity (teeth)
dentin
connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerve, and lymphatic vessels (teeth)
pulp cavity
dental diseases
dental plaques, cavities, & gingivitis
a film of sugar & bacteria that adhere to the teeth (teeth)
dental plaques
demineralization of enamel and dentin by bacteria (teeth)
cavities
result of enremoved plaque that could disrupts the deal between teeth and gum allowing bacteria to infect the gum (teeth)
gingivitis
connects mouth throat to stomach
esophagus
closes the larynx when food passes through pharynx
epiglottis
muscle that controls food entry to stomach - prevent gastric juices to move back into esophagus
gastroesophageal sphincter
stomach (location)
left quadrant of abdominal cavity, underneath the diaphragm
stomach (function)
temporary food storage before small intestine - initial breakdown of proteins & lipids - produce chyme (creamy paste)
stomach (size)
empty 50ml - full up to 4L
fold in the stomach wall that allows the stomache size to increase
rugae
acidic environment (stomach)
lots of H+ ions because of HCI in stomach - 100,000 fold more acidic that blood
protection of stomach against its acidic environment
alkaline (basic) mucous layer that protect the cells & fast replacement of cells
can we survive without a stomach?
yes
erosion on the stomach wall caused by bacteria with a drill like head to breach/destroy the mucosal layer (stomache)
gastric ulcers
sphincter controls how much food enters small intestine
puyloric sphincter
components of small inestine
- duodenum (25cm) 2. jejunum (8ft) 3. Ileum (10ft)
duodenum
-bile ducts ends there delivering bile from liver - pancreatic duct ends there delivering pancreatic juices - digestion and absorption of all nutrients is either initiated or continues
component of small intestine responsible for food absorption
jejunum
component of small intestine responsible for nutrients absorption
ileum
function of large intestine
-water reabsorption -removal of waste -breakdown of fiber
components of large intestine
cecum, colon, rectum, & anal canal
first part of large intestine, connecting small intestine to ascending colon (large intestine)
cecum
move waste products out of the body, absorb water, and break down fiber (large intestine)
colon
final portion of large intestine, storage of feces
rectum
colon (3 parts)
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon
accessory organs of digestive system
- liver 2. gallbladder 3. pancreas
liver (function)
filter and process nutrient rich blood delivered from the GI tract - secrete bile essential for food digestion
liver (location)
top right hand of abdominal cavity, underneath the diaphragm. largest organ
liver has ______ main lobes
2 main lobes (large right lobe and small left lobe)
hepatocytes (liver)
secrete bile essential for food digestion in small intestine, detoxification of blood ammonia (urea)
Liver blood bessels
- hepatic portal vein 2. hepatic artery 3. central vein
hepatic portal vein
bring blood from the digestive tract, nutrient rich blood from the GI track must pass through liver to detoxify
hepatic artery
bring oxygenated blood from the heart
central vein
takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart, combination of blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
hepatitis
6 viruses have been identified (a - f)
inflammation of liver due to viral infection
hepatitis
HVB & HVC
transmitted via blood - cause chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis
damage to the hepatocytes - causes blockage of hepatic portal
cirrhosis
gallbladder (location)
green muscular sac located inferior to liver
gallbladder (function)
stores and concentrated bile that is not immediately needed
pancreas (location)
tadpole shape organ sits inderior to the stomach
pancreas (function)
produces enzymes (known as pancreatic juices) that break down all food groups
panctreatic juices
- trypsin 2. amylase 3. lipases 4. nucleases
breaks down proteins (pancreatic juices)
trypsin
breaks down carbohydrates (pancreatic juices)
amylase
breakdown fat that have been emulsify by bile salt (pancreatic juices)
lipases
break down nucleotides (pancreatic juices)
nucleases
food spends between _____-_______ hours in the small intestine
3-6 hours
