Friedman - Urinary Flashcards
Function
water balance, elmination of nitrogenous waste, regulation of: ions, pH, blood volume, & production of enzymes (renin)
components urinary system
kidneys (nephron), ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
bean like organs, posterior region, partially protected by rib cage
kidney
components of kidney
- nephron 2. renal cortex 3. renal medulla 4. renal pyramids 5. renal columns 6. minor and major cortex 7. renal pelvis 8. hilum
structural & functional unit of kidney
nephron
urea
break down of protein
2 structures of nephron
- glomerulus 2. renal tubule
glomerulus
network of capillaries
renal tubule
- enlarged cup shaped, surrounds glomerulus -> bowmans’ capsule 2. proximal conoluted tubule (PCT) 3. loop of henle 4. distal convoluted tubules (DCT) 5. collecting duct
types of nephron
- cortical nephrons 2. juctamedullary
capillary beds
- glomerulus 2. pertibular
blood vessels of each nephron receive and drain by __________
arteries
kidney removes extra _______
water
thick blood causes kidney to ______
hold water
glomerulus capillary bed
high pressure capillary beds -> filtration
Afferent blood vessel (glomerulus)
brings in blood to nephron
Efferent blood vessel (glomerulus)
takes blood away from nephron
Afferent or Efferent blood vessel is large in diameter? (glomerulus)
Afferent
Peritubular capillary bed
Arise from efferent arteriole, low pressure absorption,
snake around renal tubules
peritibular capillary bed
production of urine
nephron
outer of kidney (appears pink)
renal cortex
inner region of kidney (appears dark red)
renal medulla
extension of renal cortex that extends between renal pyramids
renal column
structure that collects urine from nephron
minor calyx
individual parts that make up the renal medulla
renal pyramids
structure that collects urine from multiple calyces
major calyx
region of kidney that collects urine from all major calyces
renal pelvis
urine is a combination of…
- glomerulus filtration 2. tubular absorption
peritubular is only present around…
PCT, loops of henle, & DCT
renal blood circulation pathway
renal artery -> afferent artiole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> renal vein
filtrate
components of blood (plasma) that exit glomerulus and enter tubular network of nephron: water, ions, urea, bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids
what creates pressure in glamerulus?
diameter of afferent arteriole is larger than efferent arteriole- pressure forces filtrate to enter the tubular network from capillaries
passive transport
water - no need for ATP - concentration gradient moveing molecules from high concentration to low
active transport
use carrier protein/ very selective, glucose, amino acids - requires energy - move one molecule w/ concentration gradient (osmosis) and w/ that bring a molecule into the cell AGAINST its concentration gradient (glucose).
nitrogenous waste products
enter as filtrate but NOT reabsorbed
active transport ions
Na+/glucose & Na+/Amino Acids
tubular secretion is…
tubular reabsorption in reverse
characteristics of urine
nitrogenous waste, urochrome (hemoglobin destruction), excess solutes, water
urine pH
usually acidic
organs of urinary system…
ureter (tube connecting kidney to bladder), urinary bladder (muscular sac that stores urine), urethra (tube that carries urine from bladder to outside.)
abrupt loss of kidney failure (disease)
acute renal failure (ARF)
progressive, irreversible kidney damage (disease)
chronic renal failure (CRF)
presence of cysts on kidney and tubules (disease)
polycystive kidney disease (PKD)
high level of glucose in the blood due to not enough insulin (disease)
glucose mellitus
urinary system helps with maintaining…
fluid balance, electrolyte,& acid base balance
essential electrolytes concist of…
sodium, potassium, & calcium
