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Anatomy > Friedman - Urinary > Flashcards

Friedman - Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Function

A

water balance, elmination of nitrogenous waste, regulation of: ions, pH, blood volume, & production of enzymes (renin)

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2
Q

components urinary system

A

kidneys (nephron), ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

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3
Q

bean like organs, posterior region, partially protected by rib cage

A

kidney

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4
Q

components of kidney

A
  1. nephron 2. renal cortex 3. renal medulla 4. renal pyramids 5. renal columns 6. minor and major cortex 7. renal pelvis 8. hilum
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5
Q

structural & functional unit of kidney

A

nephron

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6
Q

urea

A

break down of protein

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7
Q

2 structures of nephron

A
  1. glomerulus 2. renal tubule
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8
Q

glomerulus

A

network of capillaries

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9
Q

renal tubule

A
  1. enlarged cup shaped, surrounds glomerulus -> bowmans’ capsule 2. proximal conoluted tubule (PCT) 3. loop of henle 4. distal convoluted tubules (DCT) 5. collecting duct
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10
Q

types of nephron

A
  1. cortical nephrons 2. juctamedullary
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11
Q

capillary beds

A
  1. glomerulus 2. pertibular
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12
Q

blood vessels of each nephron receive and drain by __________

A

arteries

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13
Q

kidney removes extra _______

A

water

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14
Q

thick blood causes kidney to ______

A

hold water

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15
Q

glomerulus capillary bed

A

high pressure capillary beds -> filtration

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16
Q

Afferent blood vessel (glomerulus)

A

brings in blood to nephron

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17
Q

Efferent blood vessel (glomerulus)

A

takes blood away from nephron

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18
Q

Afferent or Efferent blood vessel is large in diameter? (glomerulus)

A

Afferent

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19
Q

Peritubular capillary bed

A

Arise from efferent arteriole, low pressure absorption,

20
Q

snake around renal tubules

A

peritibular capillary bed

21
Q

production of urine

A

nephron

22
Q

outer of kidney (appears pink)

A

renal cortex

23
Q

inner region of kidney (appears dark red)

A

renal medulla

24
Q

extension of renal cortex that extends between renal pyramids

A

renal column

25
Q

structure that collects urine from nephron

A

minor calyx

26
Q

individual parts that make up the renal medulla

A

renal pyramids

27
Q

structure that collects urine from multiple calyces

A

major calyx

28
Q

region of kidney that collects urine from all major calyces

A

renal pelvis

29
Q

urine is a combination of…

A
  1. glomerulus filtration 2. tubular absorption
30
Q

peritubular is only present around…

A

PCT, loops of henle, & DCT

31
Q

renal blood circulation pathway

A

renal artery -> afferent artiole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> renal vein

32
Q

filtrate

A

components of blood (plasma) that exit glomerulus and enter tubular network of nephron: water, ions, urea, bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids

33
Q

what creates pressure in glamerulus?

A

diameter of afferent arteriole is larger than efferent arteriole- pressure forces filtrate to enter the tubular network from capillaries

34
Q

passive transport

A

water - no need for ATP - concentration gradient moveing molecules from high concentration to low

35
Q

active transport

A

use carrier protein/ very selective, glucose, amino acids - requires energy - move one molecule w/ concentration gradient (osmosis) and w/ that bring a molecule into the cell AGAINST its concentration gradient (glucose).

36
Q

nitrogenous waste products

A

enter as filtrate but NOT reabsorbed

37
Q

active transport ions

A

Na+/glucose & Na+/Amino Acids

38
Q

tubular secretion is…

A

tubular reabsorption in reverse

39
Q

characteristics of urine

A

nitrogenous waste, urochrome (hemoglobin destruction), excess solutes, water

40
Q

urine pH

A

usually acidic

41
Q

organs of urinary system…

A

ureter (tube connecting kidney to bladder), urinary bladder (muscular sac that stores urine), urethra (tube that carries urine from bladder to outside.)

42
Q

abrupt loss of kidney failure (disease)

A

acute renal failure (ARF)

43
Q

progressive, irreversible kidney damage (disease)

A

chronic renal failure (CRF)

44
Q

presence of cysts on kidney and tubules (disease)

A

polycystive kidney disease (PKD)

45
Q

high level of glucose in the blood due to not enough insulin (disease)

A

glucose mellitus

46
Q

urinary system helps with maintaining…

A

fluid balance, electrolyte,& acid base balance

47
Q

essential electrolytes concist of…

A

sodium, potassium, & calcium

Anatomy (22 decks)

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