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MCAT > Work and Energy > Flashcards

Work and Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetic energy is?

A

Energy of motion

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2
Q

Equation for kinetic energy

A

K=0.5m(v^2)

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3
Q

Is kinetic energy related to speed or velocity and why?

A

Speed because direction doesn’t affect energy

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4
Q

Potential energy is?

A

Energy of an object’s position

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5
Q

Gravitational potential energy depends on?

A

An object’s position with respect to the ground

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6
Q

Equation for gravitational potential energy

A

U=mgh

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7
Q

Elastic potential energy depends on?

A

A spring compressed or stretched from equilibrium

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8
Q

Equation for elastic potential energy

A

U=0.5k(x^2)

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9
Q

What is total mechanical energy?

A

Kinetic + Potential Energy

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10
Q

What is a conservative force?

A

Do not dissipate energy

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11
Q

Work is?

A

The process by which energy is transferred from one system to another

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12
Q

Equation for work

A

F=F*d=Fdcos(theta)

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13
Q

SI unit for work

A

Joule = (kg*(m^2))/(s^2)

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14
Q

How is work measured on a pressure vs volume graph?

A

Area

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15
Q

What sign is work when gas expands?

A

Positive

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16
Q

What sign is work when gas compresses?

A

Negative

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17
Q

Isovolumetric process

A

Pressure of gas changes but volume does not

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18
Q

What is it called when pressure of gas changes but volume does not?

A

Isovolumetric or Isochoric

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19
Q

Isochoric process

A

Pressure of gas changes but volume does not

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20
Q

Isobaric process

A

Volume of gas changes but pressure does not

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21
Q

What is it called when volume of gas changes but pressure does not?

A

Isobaric

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22
Q

Power is?

A

The rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another

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23
Q

Power equation

A

P=(W/t)

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24
Q

SI unit of power

A

Watt=J/s

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25
Q

Work-Energy Theorem Equation

A

W=change in kinetic energy

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26
Q

Equation for mechanical advantage

A

MA=(Fout)/(Fin)
Fout= force on object by machine
Fin= force applied by machine

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27
Q

Does heat flow between objects in thermal equilibrium?

A

No

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28
Q

Thermodynamic definition of temperature

A

Average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

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29
Q

Freezing point of water in K

A

273.15

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30
Q

F to C equation

A

F=1.8C+32

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31
Q

K to C equation

A

K=C+273

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32
Q

What is the relationship between length and temperature?

A

DeltaL=(alpha)(L)(deltaT)
L is length
alpha is coefficient of linear expansion
T is temperature

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33
Q

What is the relationship between volume and temperature?

A

DeltaV=(beta)(V)(deltaT)
L is volume
alpha is coefficient of volumetric expansion
T is temperature

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34
Q

Relationship between coefficient of linear and volumetric expansion

A

Beta=3alpha

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35
Q

What is an isolated system?

A

Cannot exchange energy or matter with surroundings

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36
Q

What is a closed system?

A

Capable of exchanging energy but not matter with the surroundings

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37
Q

What type of system is a gas vessel with a movable piston?

A

Closed system

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38
Q

What is an open system?

A

Can exchange both energy and matter with the surroundings

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39
Q

Are state functions path dependent or independent?

A

Independent

40
Q

Are process functions path dependent or independent?

41
Q

Equation for change in internal energy

A

DeltaU=Q-W
U is internal energy
Q is head
W is work

42
Q

Positive change in internal energy is

A

Increasing temperature

43
Q

Negative change in internal energy is

A

Decreasing temperature

44
Q

Positive heat

A

Heat flows into system

45
Q

Negative heat

A

Heat flows out of system

46
Q

Sign of internal energy for increasing temperature

47
Q

Sign of internal energy for decreasing temperature

48
Q

Sign for heat flowing into a system

49
Q

Sign for heat flowing out of a system

50
Q

Positive work

A

Work done by the system (expansion)

51
Q

Is work done by a system expansion or compression?

52
Q

Is work done on a system expansion or compression?

A

Compression

53
Q

Negative work

A

Work done on the system (compression)

54
Q

Sign for expansion work

55
Q

Sign for compression work

56
Q

Heat

A

Process by which a quantity of energy is transferred between two objects as a result of a difference in temperature

57
Q

How much is one nutritional calorie and what is its symbol?

A

Calorie (with capital C)

1 Cal=1kcal

58
Q

How many joules is a kcal?

59
Q

Conversion between joules and calories?

A

1kcal=4184J

60
Q

What is a BTU?

A

British thermal unit

1kcal=3.97 BTU

61
Q

What are the three ways that heat can transfer?

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

62
Q

Heat Conduction

A

Direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule through molecular collisions

63
Q

Does heat conduction require physical contact?

64
Q

What type of energy transfer is touching a hot stove?

A

Conduction

65
Q

Heat Convection

A

Transfer of heat by the physical motion of a fluid over a material

66
Q

What phases can undergo convection?

A

Liquids and Gases

67
Q

Can solids undergo convection?

68
Q

What type of energy transfer is running cold water over a hot pan?

A

Convection

69
Q

Heat radiation

A

Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

70
Q

What type of energy transfer can perform in a vacuum?

71
Q

What defines the relationship between heat and temperature for a substance?

A

Specific Heat

72
Q

What is specific heat?

A

Amount of energy required to raise one gram of a substance by one degree C or K

73
Q

What are the units of specific heat?

74
Q

Does phase affect specific heat?

75
Q

Specific heat of water

A

1cal/(g*K)

76
Q

Equation for heat as it relates to change in temperature

A

q=mc(DeltaT)

77
Q

Does a substance change temperature during a phase change?

78
Q

Equation for heat during a phase change

A

q=mL

L is the heat of transformation

79
Q

What is the heat of fusion?

A

Heat of transformation at the freezing/melting point

80
Q

What is the heat of vaporization?

A

Heat of transformation at the boiling point

81
Q

What are the characteristics of an isothermic process?

A

Constant temperature, no change in internal energy

82
Q

What are the characteristics of an adiabatic process?

A

No heat exchange

83
Q

What are the characteristics of an isochoric process?

A

No change in volume, no work done

84
Q

What are the characteristics of an isobaric process?

A

Constant pressure

85
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Objects in thermal contact and not thermal equilibrium will exchange heat energy such that the object with a higher temperature will give off heat energy to the object with a lower temperature until they are both the same temperature

86
Q

Entropy

A

Measure of the spontaneous dispersal of energy at a specific temperature

87
Q

Equation for change in entropy

A

DeltaS=Q/T

Q is heat gained or lost in a reversible process

88
Q

Units of entropy

89
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

Voltage = current * resistance

90
Q

How is power related to current and resistance?

A

P=currentvoltage=(current^2)resistance=(voltage^2)/resistance

91
Q

How are resistors in series calculated?

92
Q

Do conductors have high or low resistance?

93
Q

Do insulators have high or low resistance?

94
Q

How does temperature impact resistance?

A

Increased temperature increased resistance in conctors

95
Q

Equation for resistance with length and area

A

R=(resistivity*L)/A

MCAT (31 decks)

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