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MCAT > Psych Disorders > Flashcards

Psych Disorders Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Biomedical Approach

A

Takes into account only the physical and medical causes, treatments are of a biomedical nature

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

Consider relative contributions of biological, psychological, and social components of a disorder - treatments fall in all three categories

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3
Q

Schizophrenia diagnosis

A

Show signs of disturbance for more than 6 months and at least one month of active symptoms such as hallucinations

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4
Q

Psychotic disorder

A

Suffer from one or more of: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia

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5
Q

Prototypical psychotic disorder

A

Schizophrenia

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6
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Add something to behavior: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or thought

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7
Q

Is a hallucination a positive or negative symptom?

A

Positive

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8
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Loss of something from behavior such as a disturbance of affect and avolition

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9
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs discordance with reality and not shared by others

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10
Q

Are delusions positive or negative symptoms?

A

Positive

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11
Q

Delusions of reference

A

Belief that common elements in the environment are directed towards the individual

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12
Q

Delusions of persecution

A

Belief that the person is being directly interfered with, plotted against, etc

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13
Q

What type of delusions are common in bipolar disease I?

A

Delusions of grandeur

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14
Q

Delusions of grandeur

A

Belief that one is remarkable in some significant way

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15
Q

Thought broadcasting

A

Belief that one’s thoughts are broadcast direct from their mind to the world

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16
Q

Thought insertion

A

Belief that thoughts are being placed in one’s head

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17
Q

Hallucinations

A

Perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality

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18
Q

Neologisms

A

Invention of new words

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19
Q

Catatonia

A

Certain motor movements characteristic of schizophrenia:

Significant reduction of spontaneous movement or maintenance of a rigid posture or useless and bizarre movements

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20
Q

Echolalia

A

Repeating another’s words

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21
Q

Echopraxia

A

Imitating another’s actions

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22
Q

Avolition

A

Decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-oriented actions

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23
Q

Prodromal phase

A

Poor adjustment prior to diagnosis of schizophrenia which is exemplified by deterioration, social withdrawal, peculiar behavior, and inappropriate affect

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24
Q

Is schizophrenia prognosis better if the onset is sudden or slow?

A

Sudden

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25
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Mood disorder characterized by at least one major depressive episode

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26
Q

Major depressive episode (name 5 symptoms)

A

Period of two weeks with at least five of the following symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment:

  • Prominent and persistent depressed mood
  • Anhedonia (loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities)
  • Appetite disturbance
  • Weight changes
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Decreased energy
  • Worthlessness or guilt feelings
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Death thoughts or attempted suicide
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27
Q

Anhedonia

A

Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities

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28
Q

What MUST be present for a major depressive episode?

A

Depressed mood or anhedonia

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29
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A

Patients who suffer from a depressed mood that isn’t severe enough to classify as MDD most of the time for at least two years

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30
Q

Dysthymia

A

Depressed mood that isn’t severe enough to classify as MDD most of the time for at least two years

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31
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

MDD with seasonal onset

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32
Q

Manic episodes

A

Abnormal and persistently elevated mood for at least one week with at least three of:

  • Distractibility
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Inflated self-esteem
  • Racing thoughts
  • Goal-directed activity or agitation
  • Pressure speech and talkativeness
  • Involvement in high risk behavior
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33
Q

Are manic or depressive episodes usually longer?

A

Depressive

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34
Q

Do manic or depressive episodes usually have a faster onset?

A

Manic

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35
Q

Hypomania

A

More energy and optimism but doesn’t impair functioning and no psychotic features

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36
Q

Difference between bipolar I and II?

A

I - manic episodes with or without major depressive episodes
II - hypomania with at least one major depressive episode

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37
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

Combination of hypomanic episodes and periods of dysthymia

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38
Q

Monoamine theory of depression is also known as

A

Catecholamine theory of depression

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39
Q

Catecholamine theory of depression is also known as

A

Monoamine theory of depression

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40
Q

Mono/catecholamine theory of depression

A

Too much norepi and serotonin in the synapse can lead to mania while too little leads to depression

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41
Q

Which neurotransmitters specifically and which class are thought to be involved in mood disorders?

A

Norepi and Serotinin

Catecholamines / Monoamines

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42
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months

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43
Q

How long do symptoms need to exist for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A

Six Months

44
Q

How long do symptoms need to exist for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Six Months

45
Q

What metabolic disease could present similarly to anxiety and why?

A

Hyperthyroidism - increased metabolism might create anxiety-like symptoms

46
Q

Specific phobia

A

Irrational fear that results in a compelling desire to avoid it and focused on a specific object or situation

47
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Anxiety due to social situations - party, public restroom, speech

48
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of places where it might be difficult to escape - might not leave home for fear of an anxiety attack

49
Q

Panic disorder

A

Repeated panic attacks which include the symptoms of:

  • Fear
  • Trembling
  • Sweating
  • Hyperventilation
  • Sense of unreality
50
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Characterized by obsessions that cause tension and compulsions that release that tension but impair one’s life

51
Q

What are obsessions?

A

Persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses

52
Q

What are compulsions?

A

Repetitive tasks

53
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

Unrealistic negative evaluation of his or her personal appearance, usually directed at one body part

54
Q

Intrusion symptoms

A

Recurrent reliving of a traumatic event, flashbacks, nightmares, and prolonged distress

55
Q

Avoidance symptoms

A

Deliberate attempts to avoid people, memories, place, and activities associated with trauma

56
Q

Negative cognitive symptoms

A

Negative mood or emotions, inability to recall details of event, feeling distanced from others

57
Q

Arousal symptoms

A

Increased startle response, irritability, self-destructive or reckless behavior, and sleep disturbances

58
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Inability to recall past experiences

59
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

Sudden, unexpected move or purposeless wandering away from home/work

60
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Two or more personalities recurrently take over a persons behavior

61
Q

Depersonalization disorder

A

Individuals feel detached from their own mind and body

62
Q

Derealization disorder

A

Individuals feel detached from their surroundings

63
Q

Somatic symptom disorder

A

Individuals have at least one somatic symptom that is accompanies by disproportionate concerns about its seriousness

64
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

Consumed with thoughts about having developed a serious medical condition

65
Q

Implications of illness anxiety disorder

A

Excessively check oneself for signs of illness or avoid medical appointments altogether

66
Q

What is the difference between somatic symptom and illness anxiety disorders?

A

Somatic has at least one bodily symptom while illness anxiety does not have symptoms

67
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

Unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions some amount of time after a traumatic event

68
Q

What does someone who goes blind without evidence of neurologic damage likely have?

A

Conversion disorder

69
Q

La belle indifference

A

Someone with conversion disorder might be surprisingly unconcerned about their severe symptoms

70
Q

Ego-syntonic

A

One with a personality disorder and perceives his or her behavior as normal

71
Q

Ego-dystonic

A

One with some psych disorders who see their illness as something thrust upon them and is intrusive and bothersome

72
Q

Personality disorder

A

Pattern of behavior that is inflexible, maladaptive, and causing distress or impairment

73
Q

Cluster A personality disorders

A

Marked by behavior that is odd or eccentric

74
Q

Which cluster does paranoid personality disorder fall within?

A

A

75
Q

Which cluster does schizotypal personality disorder fall within?

A

A

76
Q

Which cluster does schizoid personality disorder fall within?

A

A

77
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A

Pervasive distrust of others

78
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Ideas of reference and magical thinking (such as superstitions)

79
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression

80
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A

Marked by behavior that is dramatic, emotional, or erratic

81
Q

Which cluster does antisocial personality disorder fall within?

A

B

82
Q

Which cluster does borderline personality disorder fall within?

A

B

83
Q

Which cluster does histrionic personality disorder fall within?

A

B

84
Q

Which cluster does narcissistic personality disorder fall within?

A

B

85
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others

86
Q

Is antisocial personality disorder more common in males or females?

A

Males

87
Q

What personality disorder would you find in high proportions in prison?

A

Antisocial personality disorder

88
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Pervasive instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, and self-image

89
Q

Is borderline personality disorder more common in males or females?

A

Females

90
Q

Splitting is seen in what personality disorder?

A

Borderline personality disorder

91
Q

Splitting is?

A

View others as all good or all bad as a defense mechanism

92
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A

Constant attention-seeking behavior

93
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

One has a grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness, preoccupations with fantasies of success, need for constant attention

94
Q

Cluster C personality disorders

A

Marked by behavior that is labeled as anxious or fearful by others

95
Q

Which cluster does avoidant personality disorder fall within?

A

C

96
Q

Which cluster does dependent personality disorder fall within?

A

C

97
Q

Which cluster does obsessive-compulsive personality disorder fall within?

A

C

98
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

Affected individual has extreme shyness and fear of rejection

99
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

Continuous need for reassurance

100
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

Individual is a perfectionist and inflexible, tending to like rules and order

101
Q

What is the difference between OCD and OCPD?

A

OCD is ego-dystonic (I can’t stop washing my hands because of the germs) while OCPD is ego-syntonic (I just like rules) and OCPD is lifelong

102
Q

Is schizophrenia associated with excess of absence of dopamine?

A

Excess

103
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness in movement

104
Q

Cogwheel rigidity

A

Muscle tension that intermittently halts movement as an examiner attempts to manipulate a limb

105
Q

Is Parkinsons associated with excess of absence of dopamine?

A

Absence

106
Q

How long do symptoms need to last for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

A

2 weeks

MCAT (31 decks)

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