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MCAT > Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Identity and Personality Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Self-Concept

A

One’s internal list of answers to: “who am I”

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2
Q

Self-Schema

A

Self-given label that carries a set of qualities

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3
Q

What is the difference between self-concept and self-schema?

A

Self-concept goes beyond self-schema to encompass who we used to be and who we will become

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4
Q

Does self-concept or self-schema include the future and past selves?

A

Self-concept

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5
Q

Indentities

A

Individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong

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6
Q

Androgyny

A

High masculinity and femininity

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7
Q

Undifferentiated

A

Low masculinity and femininity

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8
Q

Low masculinity and femininity

A

Undifferentiated

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9
Q

High masculinity and femininity

A

Androgyny

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10
Q

By what age is gender identity usually established?

A

Three

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11
Q

Ethnicity

A

Identity one is born into in which members share ancestry, heritage, and language

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12
Q

Nationality

A

Identity based on political borders

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13
Q

Hierarchy of salience

A

Situations dictate which identities are most important to us at a given moment

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14
Q

Self-discrepancy theory

A

Each person has three selves:
Actual Self
Ideal Self
Ought Self

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15
Q

Actual self

A

The way we see ourselves as we currently are

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16
Q

Ideal self

A

The person we would like to be

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17
Q

Ought self

A

Our representation of the way others think we should be

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18
Q

When is self-esteem high?

A

When all three selves are closely aligned

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19
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Our belief in our ability to succeed

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20
Q

Internal locus of control

A

One believes they can control what happens to them

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21
Q

External locus of control

A

One believes outside factors control what happens to them

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22
Q

Freud’s view of human development

A

Drive to reduce libido and libidinal tension is underlying dynamic force accounting for psychological development

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23
Q

Fixation

A

Occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during one of Freud’s developmental phases - leads to neurosis

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24
Q

Oral stage age

A

0-1 year

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25
Q

Freud’s first stage name and description

A

Oral stage - gratification by putting things in mouth, biting, sucking

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26
Q

Fixation during oral stage would lead to

A

Excessive dependency

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27
Q

Anal stage age

A

1-3 years

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28
Q

Freud’s second stage name and description

A

Anal stage - libido is centered around anus, gratification through elimination and retention of waste

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29
Q

Fixation during anal stage would lead to

A

Excessive orderliness or sloppiness

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30
Q

Phallic or Oedipal stage age

A

3-5 years

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31
Q

Another name for phallic stage

A

Oedipal

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32
Q

Another name for oedipal stage

A

Phallic

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33
Q

Freud’s third stage name and description

A

Phallic or Oedipal Stage - resolution of fixation with other-sex parent

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34
Q

Oedipal conflict

A

Male envies father’s relationship with mother and fears castration - feels guilty about envy and emulate his father

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35
Q

Electra complex

A

Girls envy their mother’s relationship with their father and have penis envy, displaying less stereotypically female behaviors

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36
Q

Latency stage age

A

5-puberty

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37
Q

When does latency start?

A

When the libido is sublimated

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38
Q

Freud’s fourth stage name and description

A

Latency - sublimation of libido

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39
Q

Genital stage age

A

Puberty through adulthood

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40
Q

Freud’s fifth stage name and description

A

Genital stage - one should enter into healthy heterosexual relationships

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41
Q

Who believed that drive to reduce libido and libidinal tension is underlying dynamic force accounting for psychological development

A

Freud

42
Q

Erik Erikson view of pyschosocial development

A

Continued development of identity though resolution of conflicts between needs and social demands

43
Q

Erikson first stage question and description

A

Can I trust the world?

Trust vs mistrust - learn to trust the world and oneself

44
Q

Erikson second stage question and description

A

Is it ok to be me?

Autonomy vs shame and doubt - learn to exert control and choice / restraint

45
Q

Erikson third stage question and description

A

Is it ok for me to do, move, act?

Initiative vs guilt - learn to work with a sense or purpose and enjoy accomplishment

46
Q

Erikson fourth stage question and description

A

Can I make it in the world of people and things?

Industry vs inferiority - learn to affect the world as one desires

47
Q

Erikson fifth stage question and description

A

Who am I, What can I be?

Identity vs role confusion - learn to see oneself as a unique and integrated person

48
Q

Erikson sixth stage question and description

A

Can I love?

Intimacy vs isolation - Form intimate and committed relationships

49
Q

Erikson seventh stage question and description

A

Can I make my life count?

Generativity vs stagnation - learn to feel like a productive and contributing member of society

50
Q

Erikson eighth stage question and description

A

Is it ok to have been me?

Integrity vs despair - learn wisdom and assurance in the meaning of life

51
Q

Erikson first stage age

A

0-1

52
Q

Erikson second stage age

A

1-3

53
Q

Erikson third stage age

A

3-6

54
Q

Erikson fourth stage age

A

6-12

55
Q

Erikson fifth stage age

A

12-20

56
Q

Erikson sixth stage age

A

20-40

57
Q

Erikson seventh stage age

A

40-65

58
Q

Erikson eighth stage age

A

65+

59
Q

Who believed in continued development of identity though resolution of conflicts between needs and social demands

A

Erik Erikson

60
Q

Kohlberg theory of development focuses on?

A

Development of moral thinking

61
Q

Who theorized on the development of moral thinking?

A

Kohlberg

62
Q

What are the two phases of preconventional morality?

A

Obedience - Avoiding punishment

Self-interest - gaining rewards

63
Q

What are the two phases of conventional morality?

A

Conformity - Seek approval of others

Law and order - maintains social order

64
Q

What are the two phases of post conventional morality?

A

Social contract - concern for the greater good, focus on individual rights

Universal human ethics - consideration of abstract concepts

65
Q

Who developed the zone of proximal development?

A

Vygotsky

66
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Skills that have not yet fully developed but are in the process of development

67
Q

What is required to master a zone of proximal development?

A

More knowledgeable other

68
Q

Theory of mind

A

Understanding how a friend is interpreting a story while you tell it

69
Q

Looking-glass self

A

Others reflecting us back onto ourselves

70
Q

Personality

A

Set of thoughts, feelings, traits and behaviors of an individual across time and location

71
Q

What is the difference between personality and identity?

A

Identity - who we are

Personality - how we act and react

72
Q

Psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of personality

A

Believe there are unconscious internal states that motivate actions of individuals and determine personality

73
Q

What theory of personality does Freud support?

A

Psychoanalytic

74
Q

What are Freud’s three major entities?

A

Id - Primal urges to reproduce (pleasure principle)

Ego - moderates the desires of the id and the superego according to reality principle

Superego - desires based on the ideal self

75
Q

Which of Freud’s entities participates in wish fulfillment?

A

Id

76
Q

Wish fulfillment

A

Mental imagery to satisfy pent-up tension

77
Q

Which of Freud’s entities participates in reality principle?

A

Ego

78
Q

Which of Freud’s entities participates in pleasure principle?

A

Id

79
Q

Reality principle

A

Takes into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits the id - postpone pleasure principle until satisfaction is feasible

80
Q

What makes up the superego?

A

Conscience

Ego-ideal

81
Q

Conscience according to Freud?

A

Collection of improper actions for which a child is punished

82
Q

Ego-ideal according to Freud?

A

Collection of proper actions for which a child is rewarded

83
Q

Conscience is part of?

A

Superego

84
Q

Ego-ideal is part of?

A

Superego

85
Q

Freud definition of instinct

A

Innate psychological representation of a biological need

86
Q

Eros

A

Life instincts

87
Q

Thanatos

A

Death instincts

88
Q

Repression

A

Unconscious forgetting by the ego

89
Q

Supression

A

Deliberate form of moving undesired thoughts to the unconscious

90
Q

Regression

A

Reversion to an earlier developmental state

91
Q

Reaction formation

A

Unconscious conversion of urges to their exact opposite (saying you hate a celebrity you have a crush on but know you can’t have)

92
Q

Projection

A

Individuals attribute their undesired feelings to others

93
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

Relies on the assumption that individuals project their unconscious feelings onto the shape

94
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

Series of pictures presented to a client and they make up a story about each one - elucidate unconscious thoughts and feelings

95
Q

Rationalization

A

Justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society

96
Q

Displacement

A

Transference of an undesired urge from one person or object to another

97
Q

Sublimation

A

Transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

98
Q

Who believes that we have a collective unconscious?

A

Carl Jung

99
Q

Collective unconscious

A

System shared by all humans as a residue of the experiences of our early ancestors

100
Q

Is anima feminine or masculine?

A

Feminine

101
Q

Is animus feminine or masculine?

A

Masculine

102
Q

Who originated the concept of an inferiority complex?

A

Adler

MCAT (31 decks)

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