Bonding Flashcards
n Quantum number stands for
Principal quantum number
Principal quantum number means
Energy level of an e-
Is a smaller energy level higher or lower energy?
Lower
Is a smaller energy level closer to or further from the nucleus
Closer to
l Quantum number stands for
Azimuthal quantum number
Azimuthal quantum number means
Subshell (s, p, d…)
l=0 means
S e-
l=1
P e-
l=2
D e-
l=3
F e-
ml Quantum number means
Magnetic quantum number
Magnetic quantum number means
Orbital shape
What is the probability of an e- being at a node?
0%
ms Quantum number means
Spin quantum number
Spin quantum number means
Which e- in the orbital
Values of ms
+ and - 1/2
Values of ml
-l to l
Values of l
0 to n-l
Values of n
1 to infinity
How do molecular orbitals form?
When two atomic orbitals combine
Is a bonding or antibonding MO higher in energy?
Antibonding
Is a bonding or antibonding MO higher more stable?
Bonding
How does a bonding MO form?
Sign of the wave functions of the atomic orbitals is the same
How does an antibonding MO form?
Sign of the wave functions of the atomic orbitals is different
How many electrons form a sigma bond?
Two
What bonds do single bonds contain?
Sigma
What do head to head or tail to tail overlaps create?
Sigma bonds
Can sigma bonds exist without pi bonds?
Yes
Can pi bonds exist without sigma bonds?
No
What do double bonds contain?
One sigma and one pi bond
What do triple bonds contain?
One sigma and two pi bonds
What causes higher order bonds to rotate less than single bonds?
Pi bonds
Is a sigma or pi bond stronger?
Sigma
Is a double or triple bond stronger?
Triple
Is a single or double bond longer?
Single
What is the relationship between bond order, length, and strength?
Increasing bond order is increasing strength and decreasing length
What is hybridization?
Mixing of different types of orbitals
What is s character of sp3?
25%
What is s character of sp2?
33%
What is s character of sp?
50%
What shape does sp3 take?
Tetrahedron
What are bond angles of sp3?
90 degrees
What are bond angles of tetrahedron?
90 degrees
What are bond angles of sp2?
120 degrees
What shape does sp2 take?
Trigonal planar
What are bond angles of trigonal planar?
120 degrees
What are bond angles of sp?
180 degrees
What are bond angles of linear?
180 degrees
What shape does sp take?
Linear
What orbital hybridization forms pi bonds?
Unhybridized p orbitals
What is resonance delocalization of electrons?
Alternating single and multiple bonds with a backbone of unhybridized p orbitals which causes delocalization of pi electrons and stabilization of a molecule
What are alternating single and multiple bonds called?
Conjugated pi system