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MCAT > Separations and Purifications > Flashcards

Separations and Purifications Flashcards

1
Q

What type of separation uses two immiscible solvents?

A

Extraction

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2
Q

What are the two layers of an extraction?

A

Aqueous and organic

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3
Q

Is the organic phase polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar

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4
Q

Will the denser layer be at the top or bottom of an extraction?

A

Bottom

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5
Q

What is the opposite of an extraction?

A

Wash

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6
Q

What is filtration good for separating?

A

Solid and liquid

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7
Q

What is contained in the filtrate?

A

Liquid

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8
Q

What is contained in the residue?

A

Solid

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9
Q

What layers do the liquid and solid separate into during filtration?

A

Liquid becomes the filtrate and solid becomes the residue

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10
Q

What is recrystallization?

A

Purifying crystals using hot solution

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11
Q

What does distillation rely on and what is it good for separating?

A

Relies on differences in boiling point and good for separating two liquids

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12
Q

What is the distillate?

A

The condensed product of distillation, the liquid with the lower boiling point, which boils first

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13
Q

When is a vacuum distillation appropriate?

A

BP>150C

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14
Q

When is a simple distillation appropriate?

A

BP<150 and BP more than 25C apart?

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15
Q

When is a fractional distillation appropriate?

A

BPs very close together

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16
Q

What makes fractional distillation different?

A

Column contains inert objects up the distillation columb

17
Q

What is the best way to identify unknown compounds?

A

Chromatography

18
Q

What is the stationary phase in thin layer chromatography and what is its polarity?

A

Silica or alumina

Polar

19
Q

What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography and what is its polarity?

A

Paper (cellulose)

Polar

20
Q

With a polar stationary phase, what moves farthest?

A

Nonpolar substances

21
Q

What is reverse phase chromatography?

A

Stationary phase is nonpolar

22
Q

What is Rf

A

Distance the spot moved divided by distance the solvent front moved

23
Q

What is column chromatography?

A

Column filled with aluminum or silica beads that uses gravity to separate compounds down the column

24
Q

What happens in flash chromatography?

A

Gas pressure is used to force solvent down the column

25
Q

What is ion-exchange chromatography best used for?

A

Uses charged beads that retain compounds with the opposite charge

26
Q

What is size-exclusion chromatography best used for?

A

Beads have tiny holes in them that slow down smaller molecules and allow larger ones to move quickly through the column

27
Q

What is affinity chromatography best used for?

A

Column is created with receptor or antibody used to bind a protein of interest

28
Q

What is gas chromatography?

A

Eluent is a gas (usually nitrogen or helium)

MCAT (31 decks)

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