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MCAT > Social Thinking > Flashcards

Social Thinking Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Self-disclosure

A

Sharing one’s fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with non-judgemental empathy

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2
Q

Reciprocal liking

A

People like others better when they believe the other person likes them

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3
Q

Familiarity effect

A

People prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently

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4
Q

What is the purpose of aggression?

A

Evolutionarily it provides protection against potential and real threats

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5
Q

Cognitive neoassociation model

A

One is more likely to respond aggressively when feeling a negative emotion such as pain, tired, sick or frustrated

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6
Q

Who does a child prefer for comfort in secure attachment?

A

Consistent caregiver

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7
Q

How will a child with secure attachment feel when a caregiver leaves and returns?

A

Upset at departure and comforted by return

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8
Q

Who does a child prefer for comfort in avoidant attachment?

A

No preference between caregiver and stranger

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9
Q

How does an avoidant caregiver respond to a child’s distress?

A

Little to no response

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10
Q

How does an ambivalent caregiver respond to a child’s distress?

A

Inconsistent - sometimes appropriate sometimes neglectful

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11
Q

How will a child with secure attachment feel when a caregiver leaves and returns?

A

Extremely distressed when they leave and ambivalent response when they return

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12
Q

Which type of attachment is most likely to be a red flag for abuse?

A

Disorganized

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13
Q

How does a caregiver act in disorganized attachment?

A

Erratic and sometimes have social withdrawal

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14
Q

How will a child with secure attachment feel when a caregiver leaves and returns?

A

No clear pattern - mix of behaviors including repetitive behaviors like rocking, avoidance, resistance, seeming dazed

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15
Q

What is emotional support?

A

Listening, affirming, and empathizing with someone’s feelings

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16
Q

What type of social support is a condolence card?

A

Emotional support

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17
Q

What is esteem support?

A

Direct affirmation of the qualities and skills of a person

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18
Q

What type of social support is telling a sick classmate that they are smart enough to make up missed material?

A

Esteem support

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19
Q

What is material/tangible support?

A

Financial or material contribution to another

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20
Q

What type of social support is bringing a meal to a sick friend?

A

Material / tangible support

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21
Q

What is informational support?

A

Providing information that will help someone

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22
Q

What type of social support does a doctor provide by explaining someone’s illness and treatment?

A

Informational support

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23
Q

What is network support?

A

Support that gives someone a sense of belonging

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24
Q

What type of social support is a group activity?

A

Network support

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25
Q

Polygyny

A

Male exclusive with multiple females

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26
Q

Polyandry

A

Female exclusive with multiple males

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27
Q

Promiscuity

A

Non-exclusive relationships with the opposite sex

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28
Q

Direct benefits in sexual selection

A

Provide advantages to the mate

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29
Q

Indirect benefits in sexual selection

A

Provide advantages to offspring - promote survival

30
Q

Phenotypic benefits in sexual selection

A

Observable traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex

31
Q

Sensory bias in sexual selection

A

Development of a trait to match a pre-existing preference that exists in the population

32
Q

Fisherian / runaway selection in sexual selection

A

Positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait that has no effect or negative effect on survival becomes more exaggerated over time

33
Q

Indicator traits in sexual selection

A

Traits that signify good health and well-being

34
Q

Genetic compatibility in sexual selection

A

Creation of mate-pairs that have complementary genetics

35
Q

Altruism

A

Form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to himself

36
Q

How do the donor and recipient interact in cooperation

A

Both the donor and recipient benefit

37
Q

How do the donor and recipient interact in spite?

A

Both the donor and recipient are negatively impacted

38
Q

How do the donor and recipient interact in selfishness

A

The donor benefits while the recipient is negatively impacted

39
Q

How do the donor and recipient interact in altruism?

A

The recipient benefits and the donor is negatively impacted

40
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

Measure of an organism’s success in the population

41
Q

Are stereotypes alone negative? Why?

A

No - they are necessary to categorize and systematize information but they are negative when they lead to prejudice and discrimination

42
Q

Stereotypes

A

Attitudes and impressions are based on a limited and superficial amount of information

43
Q

Paternalistic stereotypes

A

Group is looked down on as inferior

44
Q

Contemptuous stereotypes

A

Group is viewed with resentment, anger, annoyance

45
Q

Envious stereotypes

A

Group is viewed with jealousy and mistrust

46
Q

Admiration stereotypes

A

Group is viewed with pride and other positive feelings

47
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Stereotypes can lead to expectations which create conditions to confirm those expectations

48
Q

Stereotype threat

A

People are concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype which can reduce performance and lower personal investment

49
Q

Prejudice

A

Irrational positive or negative attitude towards a person, group, or thing prior to an actual experience with that entity

50
Q

Power in sociology

A

Ability of people to achieve their goals despite obstacles and control resources

51
Q

Prestige in sociology

A

Level of respect shown to a person by others

52
Q

Class in sociology

A

Socioeconomic status

53
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Practice of making judgements about other cultures based on the values of one’s own culture

54
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Perceiving differences across cultures as neither superior or inferior but just as a difference

55
Q

Discrimination

A

Prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently

56
Q

Is prejudice an attitude or behavior?

A

Attitude

57
Q

Is discrimination an attitude or behavior?

A

Behavior

58
Q

Does prejudice always lead to discrimination?

A

No

59
Q

Individual discrimination

A

One person discriminating against another person or group

60
Q

Institutional discrimination

A

Entire institution discriminating against a person or group

61
Q

Implicit personality theory

A

People make assumptions about how different types of people, their traits, and their behavior are related

62
Q

Primacy effect in social perception

A

When first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions

63
Q

Recency effect in social perception

A

When the most recent information about a person is the most important in forming an impression

64
Q

Halo effect in social perception

A

Judgements on one’s character are affected by overall impression of the individual

65
Q

Reliance on central traits in social perception

A

Tendency to organize perceptions of others by traits and characteristics that matter to the perceiver

66
Q

Just-world hypothesis in social perception

A

Good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

67
Q

Self-serving bias in social perception

A

Individuals will see their own success as based on internal factors and their failures on external factors

68
Q

Dispositional causes in attribution theory

A

Internal - relate to the features of the person whose behavior is being considered

69
Q

Situational causes in attribution theory

A

External - relate to the features of the surroundings or social context

70
Q

Correspondent inference theory

A

Describe attributions made by observing intentional behaviors

71
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions in regard to others

MCAT (31 decks)

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