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WlwG Old > *WlwG O&G > Flashcards

*WlwG O&G Flashcards

1
Q

Gynae: Where is Gartner cyst?

A

Anterio-superior vagina, posterio-superior to pubic symphisis

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2
Q

Gynae: Where is Bartholin cyst?

A

Posterio-inferior vagina

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3
Q

Gynae: Where is Skene cyst?

A

Lateral to opening of urethra (anterio-inferior to vagina and inferior to pubic symphisis)

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4
Q

Gynae: Adult vagina cancer type?

A

Squamous cell ca

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5
Q

Gynae: Child/teen vagina cancer type?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma, T2-hyper

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6
Q

Gynae: Cervical cancer type and management?

A

Squamous cell ca, chemoRT if involves parametrium (layer between cervix and bladder), if not then surgery

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7
Q

Gynae: Uterus endometrium is T2-hyper or hypo?

A

T2-hyper (opposite of prostate)

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8
Q

Gynae: Uterus myometrium is T2-hyper or hypo?

A

T2-hypo (opposite of prostate)

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9
Q

Gynae: Fluid in uterus dx and cause?

A

PID (form STD/appendicitis/diverticulitis)

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10
Q

Gynae: Blood in uterus cause?

A

HaematoMetroColpos (from obstruction)

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11
Q

Gynae: Adhesions after trauma/infn dx?

A

Asherman

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12
Q

Gynae: Pus in uterus dx and cause?

A

Pyometria (from cancer/radiation)

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13
Q

Gynae: Thickened endometrium dx and cause?

A

Endometrial hyperplasia (from excessive oestrogen tamoxifen/PCOS/obesity/Ca)

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14
Q

Gynae: Endometrial cancer type and management?

A

AdenoCa, associated with increased oestrogen
Biopsy if post-menopausal endometrial thickness >5mm and bleed, or >12mm if no bleed.
>16mm pre-menopausal

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15
Q

Gynae: Endometrial cancer MRI appearance?

A

T1-iso, T2-hyper, enhancement, restricted diffusion

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16
Q

Gynae: Doppler flow ++ non-echoic structures in junctional zone/myometrium dx and cause?

A

AVM, from abortion/c-section/multiparity

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17
Q

Gynae: Dilated para-uterine veins dx and cause?

A

Pelvic congestion syndrome, from obstruction of left renal vein (nutcracker syndrome) or ovarian vein, multiparity

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18
Q

Gynae: Multiple myometrium T2-bright cysts with thick junctional zone dx

A

Adenomyosis (endometrial tissue within myometrium)

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19
Q

Gynae: Myometrial mass enlarging during pregnancy and shrinks after menopause

A

Leiomyoma (muscular fibroid)

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20
Q

Gynae: T1/T2-hypo mass in myometrium

A

Leiomyoma (muscular fibroid)

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21
Q

Gynae: T1/T2-hyper mass in myometrium

A

LipoLeiomyoma (fatty fibroid)

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22
Q

Gynae: US-hyper mass in myometrium

A

LipoLeiomyoma (fatty fibroid)

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23
Q

Gynae: Similar to fibroid with internal necrosis and rapidly enlarging

A

LeiomyoSarcoma

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24
Q

Gynae: Appearance of uterine agenesis

A

Absent uterus

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25
Gynae: Appearance of Mayer-Rokitansky
Absent vagina
26
Gynae: Appearance of Mullerian agenesis
Absent vagina
27
Gynae: Appearance of Septate uterus & uterine horn angle?
Septate uterus = Partial septum dividing uterus +/- cervix but not vagina (infertile), uterine horn angle <90 degrees Unicorn = 1 corn, Bicorn = 2 corn, 1 cervix, uterine horn angle >90 degrees DiDelphine = 2 dolphins, thus 2 uterus, 2 cervix, 2 vagina Arcuate = Apical only (fertile)
28
Gynae: Appearance of unicornuate uterus
"Corn-shape" uterus with single fallopian tube, one cervix
29
Gynae: Appearance of bicornuate uterus & uterine horn angle?
Unicorn = 1 corn, Bicorn = 2 corn, 1 cervix, uterine horn angle >90 degrees Septate uterus = Partial septum dividing uterus +/- cervix but not vagina (infertile), uterine horn angle <90 degrees DiDelphine = 2 dolphins, thus 2 uterus, 2 cervix, 2 vagina Arcuate = Apical only (fertile)
30
Gynae: Appearance of Arcuate uterus
Mild indentation at uterus fundus
31
Gynae: Appearance of Didelphine uterus
DiDelphine = 2 dolphins, thus 2 uterus, 2 cervix, 2 vagina Septate uterus = Partial septum dividing uterus +/- cervix but not vagina (infertile), uterine horn angle <90 degrees Unicorn = 1 corn, Bicorn = 2 corn, 1 cervix, uterine horn angle >90 degrees Arcuate = Apical only (fertile)
32
Gynae: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, non-fat-suppressed mass in fallopian tube/pelvis
Endometriosis (ectopic endometrial tissue), +/- fluid levels/septations
33
Ovary: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, non-fat-suppressed mass in ovary
Endometrioma (endometriosis in ovary)
34
Gynae: Thin-walled tubular fluid structure in adnexa dx and cause?
Hydrosalpinx, from PID/tumour/endometriosis (Compare TOA which is complex posterior adnexal structure) (Compare pyosalpinx which causes thick-walls and enhancement)
35
Gynae: Thick-walled enhancing tubular fluid structure in adnexa dx and cause?
Pyosalpinx, from PID/tumour (Compare TOA which is complex posterior adnexal structure) (Compare hydrosalpinx which is thin-walled)
36
Gynae: Complex posterior adenxal structure displacing broad ligament anteriorly dx and cause?
Tubo-Ovarian Abscess/TOA, from infn/IUD (Compare hydrosalpinx which is thin-walled simple fluid structure)
37
Ovary: Enlarged ovary with increased echogenicity
Ovarian torsion, idiopathic in child, cancer if adult
38
Gynae: Nodular scarring of fallopian tubes dx and cause?
Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa, from infn/inflm
39
Ovary: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, fat-suppressed
Germ cell/dermoid/teratoma
40
Ovary: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, fat-suppressed
Germ cell/dermoid/teratoma (endometriosis not fat suppressed)
41
Ovary: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, non-enhancing, non-doppler
Haemorrhagic cyst
42
Ovary: T1/T2-hypo
Fibroma/thecoma/fibrothecoma
43
Ovary: Cyst with peripheral vascularity
Corpus luteum cyst
44
Gynae: Elevated bHCG and progesterone with absent IUGS
Ectopic pregnancy (Raised bHCG and progesterone but lower than normal pregnancy)
45
Ovary: Anechoic large unilateral cyst
Follicular cyst
46
Ovary: Bilateral enlarged ovaries with mutliple cysts
PCOS
47
Ovary: Theca lutein cyst with ascites/pleural effusion
Ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (compare Meigs is tumour + pleural effusion/ascites)
48
Ovary: Septated cyst in young woman (childbearing age)
Serous CystAdenoma
49
Ovary: Septated cyst in older woman, raised CA125
Serous CystAdenoCa
50
Ovary: Ovarian tumour with ascites/pleural effusion
Meigs
51
Ovary: Ovarian mets from GIT
Krukenburg tumour
52
Ovary: Large mass with snowstorm appearance, raised bHCG
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/Hydatidiform mole
53
Ovary: US-hyper myometrium mass 3 months after previous molar pregnancy, raised bHCG
ChorioCa
54
Ovary: Young with solid mass, raised AFP
Yolk sac tumour
55
Causes of female infertility?
Endometriosis > endocrine dysfunction > mechanical tubal issues
56
Obstetrics: Management of ectopic pregnancy
Surgery if >2.5 cm or ruptured, otherwise methotrexate
57
Obstetrics: Causes of asymmetric vs symmetric IUGR
Asymmetric IUGR = head normal, body small: HTN, malnutrition, Ehler-Danlos. Symmetric IUGR = head and body small: TORCH infn, alcohol/drugs, chromosomal anomalies.
58
Obstetrics: Causes of macrosomia (large fetus)
DM/obesity/prolonged pregnancy
59
Obstetrics: Measurement and causes of polyhydramnios vs oligohydramnios
PolyHydramnios (increased fluid, Amniotic Fluid Index >20 cm): Idiopathic/DM/HTN/twin-twin transfusion. OligoHydramnios (reduced fluid, AFI <5 cm): Risks of IUGR/chromosome abnormalities/demise.
60
Obstetrics: Risks in MCDA and MCMA twins?
Prematurity, foetal mortality for both. Mono-chorionic di-amniotic twins also increased risk of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (AV malformation of placenta), twin embolisation syndrome (DIC of one twin when other demise). Mono-chorionic mono-amniotic also risk of conjoint twins.
61
Obstetrics: What is twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome (TRAPS)?
Intra-placental shunting resulting in 1 twin not having a heart and instead getting blood from other twin, can cause demise in 1 or both twins. Doppler flow seen on US.
62
Obstetrics: Fluid in all cavities (pericardial effusion/pleural effusion/ascites/placenta oedema)
Fetal hydrops
63
Obstetrics: Short femur, growth retardation, hydrops
Downs/Trisomy 21 (“Tri/321 CDEFGHI = Cardiac (ASD/VSD), Duodenal atresia, Echogenic bowel, Femur shortened, Growth retardation, Hydrops, Increased nuchal thickness”).
64
Obstetrics: Signs of Downs?
(“Tri/321 CDEFGHI = Cardiac (ASD/VSD), Duodenal atresia, Echogenic bowel, Femur shortened, Growth retardation, Hydrops, Increased nuchal thickness”).
65
Obstetrics: Growth retardation, clubfeet, choroid plexus cyst
Edwards (trisomy 18)
66
Obstetrics: Growth retardation, HoloprosEncephaly, MicroCephaly, Facial defects
Patau (Trisomy 13) (“P & 13 look like face, thus brain and face defects”, unlike Edwards/Trisomy 18)
67
Obstetrics: Polycystic kidney, extra fingers/toes, HoloprosEncephaly
Meckel Gruber syndrome ("Meckels Grubs, thus extra fingers/toes)
68
Obstetrics: Reduced body parts (fingers/limbs)
Amniotic band syndrome (Disrupted amniotic sac causing foetus to get caught in fibrois septa)
69
Obstetric bleeds: Painless covering of cervix by placenta dx and causes?
Placenta previa (previous C-section, multiparity
70
Obstetric bleeds: Placenta invasion of myometrium, moth-eaten appearance dx and causes?
Placenta accreta (accreta = accelerated growth), previous C-section/placenta previa
71
Obstetric bleeds: Bleeding after end of pregnancy, echogenic uterine mass
RPOC
72
Obstetrics: Vascular malformation of placenta, pulsatile doppler
ChorioAngioma
73
Obstetrics: Cord attached to foetal membrane instead of placenta dx and cause
Velamentous cord, due to twins, risk of IUGR
74
Obstetrics: Foetal vessels crossing cervix dx
Vasa previa
75
Obstetrics: Uncoiled cord
Straight cord, risk of developmental anomalies
76
Neonatal tube location: ETT
Midway between clavicles and carina
77
Neonatal tube location: Central venous line
SVC at anterior 1st rib level
78
Neonatal tube location: UAC
Forms U-loop, aorta at T6-10 level
79
Neonatal tube location: UVC
IVC/right atrium at T8-9 level
80
Ovary: Multi-septated mass with pseudomyxoma peritonei (organ scalloping) in smoker
Mucinous CystAdenoCa
81
Ovary: Ovarian mass + Endometrial thickening
Endometroid Ca

WlwG Old (22 decks)

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