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WlwG Old > *WlwG O&G > Flashcards

*WlwG O&G Flashcards

1
Q

Gynae: Where is Gartner cyst?

A

Anterio-superior vagina, posterio-superior to pubic symphisis

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2
Q

Gynae: Where is Bartholin cyst?

A

Posterio-inferior vagina

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3
Q

Gynae: Where is Skene cyst?

A

Lateral to opening of urethra (anterio-inferior to vagina and inferior to pubic symphisis)

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4
Q

Gynae: Adult vagina cancer type?

A

Squamous cell ca

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5
Q

Gynae: Child/teen vagina cancer type?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma, T2-hyper

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6
Q

Gynae: Cervical cancer type and management?

A

Squamous cell ca, chemoRT if involves parametrium (layer between cervix and bladder), if not then surgery

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7
Q

Gynae: Uterus endometrium is T2-hyper or hypo?

A

T2-hyper (opposite of prostate)

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8
Q

Gynae: Uterus myometrium is T2-hyper or hypo?

A

T2-hypo (opposite of prostate)

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9
Q

Gynae: Fluid in uterus dx and cause?

A

PID (form STD/appendicitis/diverticulitis)

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10
Q

Gynae: Blood in uterus cause?

A

HaematoMetroColpos (from obstruction)

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11
Q

Gynae: Adhesions after trauma/infn dx?

A

Asherman

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12
Q

Gynae: Pus in uterus dx and cause?

A

Pyometria (from cancer/radiation)

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13
Q

Gynae: Thickened endometrium dx and cause?

A

Endometrial hyperplasia (from excessive oestrogen tamoxifen/PCOS/obesity/Ca)

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14
Q

Gynae: Endometrial cancer type and management?

A

AdenoCa, associated with increased oestrogen
Biopsy if post-menopausal endometrial thickness >5mm and bleed, or >12mm if no bleed.
>16mm pre-menopausal

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15
Q

Gynae: Endometrial cancer MRI appearance?

A

T1-iso, T2-hyper, enhancement, restricted diffusion

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16
Q

Gynae: Doppler flow ++ non-echoic structures in junctional zone/myometrium dx and cause?

A

AVM, from abortion/c-section/multiparity

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17
Q

Gynae: Dilated para-uterine veins dx and cause?

A

Pelvic congestion syndrome, from obstruction of left renal vein (nutcracker syndrome) or ovarian vein, multiparity

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18
Q

Gynae: Multiple myometrium T2-bright cysts with thick junctional zone dx

A

Adenomyosis (endometrial tissue within myometrium)

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19
Q

Gynae: Myometrial mass enlarging during pregnancy and shrinks after menopause

A

Leiomyoma (muscular fibroid)

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20
Q

Gynae: T1/T2-hypo mass in myometrium

A

Leiomyoma (muscular fibroid)

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21
Q

Gynae: T1/T2-hyper mass in myometrium

A

LipoLeiomyoma (fatty fibroid)

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22
Q

Gynae: US-hyper mass in myometrium

A

LipoLeiomyoma (fatty fibroid)

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23
Q

Gynae: Similar to fibroid with internal necrosis and rapidly enlarging

A

LeiomyoSarcoma

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24
Q

Gynae: Appearance of uterine agenesis

A

Absent uterus

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25
Q

Gynae: Appearance of Mayer-Rokitansky

A

Absent vagina

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26
Q

Gynae: Appearance of Mullerian agenesis

A

Absent vagina

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27
Q

Gynae: Appearance of Septate uterus & uterine horn angle?

A

Septate uterus = Partial septum dividing uterus +/- cervix but not vagina (infertile), uterine horn angle <90 degrees

Unicorn = 1 corn, Bicorn = 2 corn, 1 cervix, uterine horn angle >90 degrees
DiDelphine = 2 dolphins, thus 2 uterus, 2 cervix, 2 vagina
Arcuate = Apical only (fertile)

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28
Q

Gynae: Appearance of unicornuate uterus

A

“Corn-shape” uterus with single fallopian tube, one cervix

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29
Q

Gynae: Appearance of bicornuate uterus & uterine horn angle?

A

Unicorn = 1 corn, Bicorn = 2 corn, 1 cervix, uterine horn angle >90 degrees

Septate uterus = Partial septum dividing uterus +/- cervix but not vagina (infertile), uterine horn angle <90 degrees
DiDelphine = 2 dolphins, thus 2 uterus, 2 cervix, 2 vagina
Arcuate = Apical only (fertile)

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30
Q

Gynae: Appearance of Arcuate uterus

A

Mild indentation at uterus fundus

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31
Q

Gynae: Appearance of Didelphine uterus

A

DiDelphine = 2 dolphins, thus 2 uterus, 2 cervix, 2 vagina

Septate uterus = Partial septum dividing uterus +/- cervix but not vagina (infertile), uterine horn angle <90 degrees
Unicorn = 1 corn, Bicorn = 2 corn, 1 cervix, uterine horn angle >90 degrees
Arcuate = Apical only (fertile)

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32
Q

Gynae: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, non-fat-suppressed mass in fallopian tube/pelvis

A

Endometriosis (ectopic endometrial tissue), +/- fluid levels/septations

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33
Q

Ovary: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, non-fat-suppressed mass in ovary

A

Endometrioma (endometriosis in ovary)

34
Q

Gynae: Thin-walled tubular fluid structure in adnexa dx and cause?

A

Hydrosalpinx, from PID/tumour/endometriosis
(Compare TOA which is complex posterior adnexal structure)
(Compare pyosalpinx which causes thick-walls and enhancement)

35
Q

Gynae: Thick-walled enhancing tubular fluid structure in adnexa dx and cause?

A

Pyosalpinx, from PID/tumour
(Compare TOA which is complex posterior adnexal structure)
(Compare hydrosalpinx which is thin-walled)

36
Q

Gynae: Complex posterior adenxal structure displacing broad ligament anteriorly dx and cause?

A

Tubo-Ovarian Abscess/TOA, from infn/IUD
(Compare hydrosalpinx which is thin-walled simple fluid structure)

37
Q

Ovary: Enlarged ovary with increased echogenicity

A

Ovarian torsion, idiopathic in child, cancer if adult

38
Q

Gynae: Nodular scarring of fallopian tubes dx and cause?

A

Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa, from infn/inflm

39
Q

Ovary: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, fat-suppressed

A

Germ cell/dermoid/teratoma

40
Q

Ovary: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, fat-suppressed

A

Germ cell/dermoid/teratoma (endometriosis not fat suppressed)

41
Q

Ovary: T1-hyper, T2-hypo, non-enhancing, non-doppler

A

Haemorrhagic cyst

42
Q

Ovary: T1/T2-hypo

A

Fibroma/thecoma/fibrothecoma

43
Q

Ovary: Cyst with peripheral vascularity

A

Corpus luteum cyst

44
Q

Gynae: Elevated bHCG and progesterone with absent IUGS

A

Ectopic pregnancy
(Raised bHCG and progesterone but lower than normal pregnancy)

45
Q

Ovary: Anechoic large unilateral cyst

A

Follicular cyst

46
Q

Ovary: Bilateral enlarged ovaries with mutliple cysts

A

PCOS

47
Q

Ovary: Theca lutein cyst with ascites/pleural effusion

A

Ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (compare Meigs is tumour + pleural effusion/ascites)

48
Q

Ovary: Septated cyst in young woman (childbearing age)

A

Serous CystAdenoma

49
Q

Ovary: Septated cyst in older woman, raised CA125

A

Serous CystAdenoCa

50
Q

Ovary: Ovarian tumour with ascites/pleural effusion

A

Meigs

51
Q

Ovary: Ovarian mets from GIT

A

Krukenburg tumour

52
Q

Ovary: Large mass with snowstorm appearance, raised bHCG

A

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/Hydatidiform mole

53
Q

Ovary: US-hyper myometrium mass 3 months after previous molar pregnancy, raised bHCG

A

ChorioCa

54
Q

Ovary: Young with solid mass, raised AFP

A

Yolk sac tumour

55
Q

Causes of female infertility?

A

Endometriosis > endocrine dysfunction > mechanical tubal issues

56
Q

Obstetrics: Management of ectopic pregnancy

A

Surgery if >2.5 cm or ruptured, otherwise methotrexate

57
Q

Obstetrics: Causes of asymmetric vs symmetric IUGR

A

Asymmetric IUGR = head normal, body small: HTN, malnutrition, Ehler-Danlos.
Symmetric IUGR = head and body small: TORCH infn, alcohol/drugs, chromosomal anomalies.

58
Q

Obstetrics: Causes of macrosomia (large fetus)

A

DM/obesity/prolonged pregnancy

59
Q

Obstetrics: Measurement and causes of polyhydramnios vs oligohydramnios

A

PolyHydramnios (increased fluid, Amniotic Fluid Index >20 cm): Idiopathic/DM/HTN/twin-twin transfusion.

OligoHydramnios (reduced fluid, AFI <5 cm): Risks of IUGR/chromosome abnormalities/demise.

60
Q

Obstetrics: Risks in MCDA and MCMA twins?

A

Prematurity, foetal mortality for both.

Mono-chorionic di-amniotic twins also increased risk of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (AV malformation of placenta), twin embolisation syndrome (DIC of one twin when other demise).

Mono-chorionic mono-amniotic also risk of conjoint twins.

61
Q

Obstetrics: What is twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome (TRAPS)?

A

Intra-placental shunting resulting in 1 twin not having a heart and instead getting blood from other twin, can cause demise in 1 or both twins. Doppler flow seen on US.

62
Q

Obstetrics: Fluid in all cavities (pericardial effusion/pleural effusion/ascites/placenta oedema)

A

Fetal hydrops

63
Q

Obstetrics: Short femur, growth retardation, hydrops

A

Downs/Trisomy 21 (“Tri/321 CDEFGHI = Cardiac (ASD/VSD), Duodenal atresia, Echogenic bowel, Femur shortened, Growth retardation, Hydrops, Increased nuchal thickness”).

64
Q

Obstetrics: Signs of Downs?

A

(“Tri/321 CDEFGHI = Cardiac (ASD/VSD), Duodenal atresia, Echogenic bowel, Femur shortened, Growth retardation, Hydrops, Increased nuchal thickness”).

65
Q

Obstetrics: Growth retardation, clubfeet, choroid plexus cyst

A

Edwards (trisomy 18)

66
Q

Obstetrics: Growth retardation, HoloprosEncephaly, MicroCephaly, Facial defects

A

Patau (Trisomy 13)
(“P & 13 look like face, thus brain and face defects”, unlike Edwards/Trisomy 18)

67
Q

Obstetrics: Polycystic kidney, extra fingers/toes, HoloprosEncephaly

A

Meckel Gruber syndrome (“Meckels Grubs, thus extra fingers/toes)

68
Q

Obstetrics: Reduced body parts (fingers/limbs)

A

Amniotic band syndrome (Disrupted amniotic sac causing foetus to get caught in fibrois septa)

69
Q

Obstetric bleeds: Painless covering of cervix by placenta dx and causes?

A

Placenta previa (previous C-section, multiparity

70
Q

Obstetric bleeds: Placenta invasion of myometrium, moth-eaten appearance dx and causes?

A

Placenta accreta (accreta = accelerated growth), previous C-section/placenta previa

71
Q

Obstetric bleeds: Bleeding after end of pregnancy, echogenic uterine mass

A

RPOC

72
Q

Obstetrics: Vascular malformation of placenta, pulsatile doppler

A

ChorioAngioma

73
Q

Obstetrics: Cord attached to foetal membrane instead of placenta dx and cause

A

Velamentous cord, due to twins, risk of IUGR

74
Q

Obstetrics: Foetal vessels crossing cervix dx

A

Vasa previa

75
Q

Obstetrics: Uncoiled cord

A

Straight cord, risk of developmental anomalies

76
Q

Neonatal tube location: ETT

A

Midway between clavicles and carina

77
Q

Neonatal tube location: Central venous line

A

SVC at anterior 1st rib level

78
Q

Neonatal tube location: UAC

A

Forms U-loop, aorta at T6-10 level

79
Q

Neonatal tube location: UVC

A

IVC/right atrium at T8-9 level

80
Q

Ovary: Multi-septated mass with pseudomyxoma peritonei (organ scalloping) in smoker

A

Mucinous CystAdenoCa

81
Q

Ovary: Ovarian mass + Endometrial thickening

A

Endometroid Ca

WlwG Old (22 decks)

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