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*WlwG Neuro (Strokes/Tumours) Flashcards

1
Q

Cavum (anterior)

A

Cavum septum pellucidum

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2
Q

Cavum (whole)

A

Cavum vergae

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3
Q

Cavum (posterior)

A

Cavum veli interpositi

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4
Q

What does anterior choroideal artery supply?

A

Hippocampus (“Korea Hippo”)

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5
Q

What does lenticulostriate artery supply?

A

Basal ganglia and caudate

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6
Q

Territories: ICA

A

Contra everything

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7
Q

Territories: ACA

A

Contra lower limb

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8
Q

Territories: MCA

A

Contra upper limb, aphasia, homonymous hemianopia

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9
Q

Territories: Lacunar

A

Contra ACA + MCA

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10
Q

Territories: PCA

A

Contra reduced visual recognition, homonymous hemianopia with macula sparing

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11
Q

Territories: Retinal/opthalmic artery

A

Ipsilateral amaurosis fugax/blindness

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12
Q

Territories: PICA/Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg syndrome

A

Ipsilateral horners/facial sensory/cerebellar, CONTRA limb sensory

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13
Q

Territories: Pontine

A

Ipsilateral CN6 horizontal gaze palsy

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14
Q

Territories: Basilar

A

Cerebellum + pons + CN3 palsy

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15
Q

Cerebral infarct: CT appearance

A

Hypodense throughout, hyperdense if haemorrhagic conversion at 1-4 weeks

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16
Q

Cerebral infarct: MRI appearance DWI

A

DWI-high/ADC-low acute to subacute, DWI/ADC-high when chronic

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17
Q

Cerebral infarct: MRI appearancec T2/FLAIR

A

Iso in acute, bright in subacute and chronic

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18
Q

Appearance of CNS vasculitis

A

Rapidly progressive T2-hyper with infarcts/haemorrhages

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19
Q

Appearance of Moyamoya

A

Watershed infarcts in kid with increased collaterals (basal ganglia)

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20
Q

Appearance of venous sinus thrombosis on CT and MRI

A

CT pre-contrast hyperdense, post-contrast hypodense clot
MRI T1-iso, T2-hypo during acute

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21
Q

Bleed: CT appearance

A

Bright in acute, gradual decrease, dark in chronic

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22
Q

Bleed: MRI apperance

A

<1 day hyperacute: T1-iso, T2-bright
2 days acute: T1-iso, T2-dark
>3 days early subacute: T1-bright, T2-dark
1-4 weeks late subacute: T1-bright, T2-bright
>4 weeks chronic T1-dark, T2-dark

(“T-oNe “n”, T-2U “U”) (“1234 212 Both” = Hyper Iso-Bri, Acute T2 dark, Early sub T1-bright, Late sub T2-bright, Chronic both dark”)

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23
Q

Bleed: Epidural appearance

A

Biconvex, not crossing suture/falx/tentorium but can cross midline (as superficial), associated with skull fracture

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24
Q

Bleed: HTN

A

Central (BG/pons)

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25
Bleed: Subdural
Crescent, crossing suture but not falx/tentorium
26
Bleed: SAH
Random shape, blood in CSF spaces
27
Bleed: DAI
Multi-focal tiny T2-hyper bleeds at grey-white interface after trauma
28
Small aneurysms
Saccular berry aneurysm from PCKD/coarc/marfans/NF1
29
Large aneurysm with calcification
Giant aneurysm
30
Aneurysm at distal MCA
Mycotic aneurysm, from infn/IVDU/endocarditis
31
Aneurysm at posterior circulation (small)
Fusiform aneurysm, from connective tissue disorders
32
Aneurysm at posterior circulation (elongated)
Atherosclerotic aneurysm
33
Serpiginous arterial malformation
AVM
34
Medusa-head venous malformation
Anomalous medullary vein
35
Popcorn blooming susceptibility artefacts
Cavernoma
36
Signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis
CN3 palsy, peri-orbital swelling, exopthalmus, headache. Dense filling defect with distended cavernous sinus on CT/MRI
37
Artery and nerve involved in brain herniation
Basilar artery, PCA and CN3
38
Subdural CSF after trauma
Subdural hygroma
39
Loss of G-W interface
Cerebral oedema
40
Neuro enhancements: Extra-axial signs?
CSF cleft, next to grey matter but not white matter, enlarged subarachnoid space, bone involvement, +/- dural tail
41
Neuro enhancements: Extra-axial with dural tail dx
Meningioma/Dural mets
42
Neuro enhancements: Extra-axial without dural tail
Schwannoma/other tumours
43
Neuro enhancements: Intra-axial sub-cortical nodular with oedema
Mets
44
Neuro enhancements: Intra-axial sub-cortical nodular without oedema, peri-ventricle
MS
45
Neuro enhancements: Intra-tentorial nodular in young
Pilocytic astrocytoma
46
Neuro enhancements: Thin wall, T2-hypo, necrotic center, ring enhancement
Abscess
47
Neuro enhancements: Corpus callosum with secondary lesions
GBM
48
Neuro enhancements: Solitary with ventricle involvement
Lymphoma
49
Neuro enhancements: <1cm with thin walls and calcs
NeuroCystiCercosis (taenia tapeworm from pigs)
50
Neuro enhancements: Multiple in basal ganglia with HIV
Toxoplasmosis
51
Neuro enhancements: Enhancement around gyrus and brainstem dx and conditions
Lepto-meningeal (meningitis/encephalitis/infarct)
52
Neuro enhancements: Enhancement just under skull and falx dx and conditions
Pachy-meningeal (mets/sarcoid/TB/lymphoma)
53
MR Spect: Meaning of upslope, downslope, lactate, lipid
Normal = upslope = Choline left-most and lowest, Creatinine center, NAA right-most and highest Downslope (ie high Choline, low NAA) = Cancer Presence of lactate = Inflm/Stroke/Cancer Presence of lipid = Stroke ("Fat people get stroke")
54
Neuro lesions: Multiple
MMMM = MS, mets, multi-focal malignancy (GBM, Lymphoma)
55
Neuro lesions: Mets causes
GBK + LM (GIT, breast, kidney, lung, melanoma)
56
Neuro lesions: Calcific tumours
Old MAGE = OligodendroGlioma, Meningioma, Astro, Ependy, Glioblastoma
57
Neuro lesions: Appearance of DNET
DCBNET = Doesn't enhance (usually), child, bubbly, nodular-cystic, epilepsy, temporal lobe
58
Neuro adult lesions: Frontal tumour
Oligodendro
59
Neuro adult lesions: Peri-ventricular tumour
Lymphoma
60
Neuro adult lesions: Temporal
GanglioGlioma
61
Neuro adult lesions: Cerebellar cyst with enhancing nodule
Haemangioblastoma (VHL)
62
Neuro adult lesions: Anywhere with calcs
GBM
63
Neuro child lesions: Infra-tentorial, hetero enhancement
Teratoma/Rhabdoid
64
Neuro child lesions: Intra-tentorial, homo enhancement, hydrocephalus, CT-hyper, no calcs
Medulloblastoma (compare glioma/astrocytoma is CT-iso/hypo and with calcs)
65
Neuro child lesions: Cyst with enhancing nodule, focal
Pilocytic astrocytoma (Compare medulloblastoma is CT-hyper. Compare diffuse midline glioma is diffuse)
66
Neuro child lesions: Brainstem with CN6/7 affected, CT-iso/hypo, calcs
Diffuse midline glioma/Pontine astrocytoma (Compare medulloblastoma is CT-hyper. Compare pilocytic astrocytoma is focal)
67
Neuro lesions: CPA invasive
Schwannoma
68
Neuro lesions: CPA non-invasive, calcs
Meningioma
69
Neuro lesions: CPA, T1-hyper
Dermoid
70
Neuro lesions: CPA, fat-sat hypo
Lipoma
71
Neuro lesions: CPA, T1-hypo, Flair-hypo
Arachnoid cyst (CSF signal)
72
Neuro lesions: CPA, T1-hypo, Flair-hyper
Epidermoid
73
Neuro lesions: Invades skull
HaemangioPeriCytoma
74
Neuro lesions: Lateral ventricles adult
"SIDE-cytoma" = Neurocytoma
75
Neuro lesions: Lateral ventricles child
"SIDE-cytoma" = SEGA
76
Neuro lesions: Midline ventricles adult
"MID-moma" = SubEpendymoma
77
Neuro lesions: Midline ventricles child
"MID-moma" = Ependymoma (subependy in adult)
78
Neuro lesions: Midline ventricles T1-hyper
Colloid cyst
79
Neuro lesions: Cerebellum/roof 4th ventricle, CT-hyper
MedulloBlastoma (CT-hyper unlike astro, homo enhancement, midline cerebellum/4th vent with hydrocephalus)
80
Neuro lesions: Choroid plexus, hydrocephalus, non-invasive, unilateral, homogeneous enhancement
Papilloma
81
Neuro lesions: Choroid plexus, hydrocephalus, unilateral, heterogeneous enhancement, cystic/necrotic
Carcinoma
82
Neuro lesions: Choroid plexus, Papilloma vs carcinoma vs xanthogranuloma
Papilloma = Unilateral, homogeneous enhancement Carcinoma = Unilateral, heterogeneous enhancement, cystic/necrotic Xanthogranuloma = Bilateral
83
Neuro lesions: Choroid plexus,bilateral
XanthoGranuloma
84
Neuro lesions: Skull base, midline
Chordoma
85
Neuro lesions: Skull base, para-midline
ChondroSarcoma
86
Neuro lesions: Pineal, homogeneous
Adenoma
87
Neuro lesions: Pineal, heterogeneous
Teratoma
88
Neuro lesions: Pineal, fatty
Germinoma
89
Neuro lesions: Pineal, calcs
PineloBlastoma
90
Neuro lesions: Pituitary, T1-hypo, T2-hyper, enhancing
Adenoma
91
Neuro lesions: Pituitary, T1-var-hyper, T2-hyper with T2-hypo central nodule, non-enhancing
Rathke cleft cyst
92
Neuro lesions: Pituitary, T1-hyper, after pregnancy
Sheehan/Apoplexy
93
Neuro lesions: Pituitary, T2-hypo during pregnancy
Autoimmune/lymphocytic hypophysitis
94
Neuro lesions: Supra-sellar T1/T2-hyper
CranioPharyngioma ("cranium + pharynx")
95
Neuro lesions: Craniopharyngioma vs pit adenoma
*** T1-var, T2-hyper: Adenoma (<1cm micro/functional, >1cm macro/non-functional but mass effect) T1-hyper, T2-var solid-cystic with calcs, enhancing, CN palsy/headache/growth retardation: CranioPharyngioma (Note: Suprasellar and calcs = Craniopharyngioma. Intra-sellar centered with pituitary fossa enlargement, no calcs = Macroadenoma)
96
Neuro lesions: Calcs in basal ganglia
Fahrs
97
Neuro lesions: Calcs in sub-ependymal nodules
Tuberous sclerosis
98
Neuro lesions: Calcs in gyrus
Sturge-weber
99
Neuro lesions: Peri-ventricular calcs
CMV
100
Neuro lesions: Calcs in temporal lobe
GanglioGlioma
101
Neuro lesions: Grades of astrocytoma
Grade 1 (low grade): 10yo, Sub-ependymal giant cell astrocytoma (“SEGA”) intraventricular mass in tuberous sclerosis child. Grade 2 (diffuse): 30yo, Non-enhancing, T2-Hyper with Flair-iso. Grade 3 (anaplastic): 50yo, Enhancing, T2-Hyper with Flair-iso. Grade 4 (GBM): 70yo, Enhancing, T2/Flair-Hyper.
102
Neuro lesions: Dural mets, ?primary
Breast
103
Neuro lesions: Multiple dural and leptomeningeal thickened lesions with neuro symptoms ++
NeuroSarcoid
104
Neuro Foramen contents: Optic canal
CN2, vision
105
Neuro Foramen contents: Superior orbital fissure
3, 4, V1, 6 (eye movements, pupil constriction)
106
Neuro Foramen contents: Cavernous sinus
3, 4, V1, V2, 6, carotid
107
Neuro Foramen contents: Foramen rotundum
V2 (mid-face sensory) ("R2 V2, rotun2um")
108
Neuro Foramen contents: Foramen ovale
V3 (lower face sensory, anterior tongue sensory) ("oVal3")
109
Neuro Foramen contents: Foramen spinosum
MMA ("SpinosuMM")
110
Neuro Foramen contents: Meckels
CN5 ("meckel5")
111
Neuro Foramen contents: CPA
5, 7, 8, AICA
112
Neuro Foramen contents: Dorello's canal
6 (opposite of CPA) ("dorello = dorel6")
113
Neuro Foramen contents: IAM
7, 8 (hearing/balance/facial movements)
114
Neuro Foramen contents: Jugular foramen
CN 9 (posterior tongue sensory and throat), 10 (autonomic), 11 (shoulder/neck movement)
115
Neuro Foramen contents: Hypoglossal canal
CN 12 (tongue movement)
116
Hydrocephalus, Asymmetrical
Non-communicating, from intra-ventricle obstruction
117
Hydrocephalus, Symmetrical
Communicating, from extra-ventricle obstruction (meningitis, SAH, trauama, venous thrombosis)
118
Hydrocephalus, Gait disturbance, confusion, urinary incontinence
NPH
119
Signs of Cerebral Amyloid angiopathy (CAA)
***Cerebral Amyloid angiopathy (CAA): Intracranial haemorrhages/subarachnoid haemorrhages/microhaemorrhages with siderosis (haemosiderin deposits, appearing as T2 susceptibilities)
120
Neuro child lesions: Child temporal lobe, cyst with nodule and dural tail
Pleomorphic XanthroAstrocytoma
121
Neuro child lesions: Child temporal lobe, Bubbly mixed cystic-solid, NON-ENHANCING
DNET (“DCBNET”: Doesn't enhance (usually), Child, Bubbly, Nodular-cystic, Epilepsy, Temporal lobe)
122
Neuro child lesions: Temporal lobe, mixed solid-cystic with calcs
GanglioGlioma (also affects adults)
123
Neuro lesions: Arachnoid cyst vs Epidermoid vs Dermoid
Dermoid (T1-hyper) Lipoma (Fat-sat hypo) Arachnoid cyst (CSF so T1-hypo, Flair-hypo) Epidermoid (T1-hypo, Flair-hyper)
124
Neuro lesions: Mnemonic for Adult tumours
"OLGGH” = Frontal Oligo, Peri-vent homogeneous lymphoma, Temporal GG, Cerebellar in adult Haemangioblast, Anywhere Astrocytoma/GBM (calcs/multi)
125
Neuro lesions: Mnemonic for Child temporal lobe
“GDPxa” = Pleomorphic XanthroAstrocytoma (nodulocystic with dural tail), GanglioGlioma (mixed cystic-solid/calcs) and DNET DNET “DCBNET” = DNET, Child, Bubbly, Nodular-cystic, Epilepsy, Temporal lobe
126
Neuro lesions: Mnemonic for Infra-tentorial child
"TPM" = Teratoma (hetero enhancement), Pilocytic astro (solid-cystic nodular), MedulloBlast (homo enhancement)
127
Neuro lesions: Non-enhancing CPA lesions x4
Dermoid (T1-hyper) Lipoma (Fat-sat hypo) Arachnoid cyst (CSF so T1-hypo, Flair-hypo) Epidermoid (T1-hypo, Flair-hyper)
128
Neuro lesions: Enhancing CPA lesions x3
CPA/Cranial nerve, heterogeneous enhancement, INVASIVE: Schwannoma Bilateral CPA Schwannoma: NF2 ***CPA, homogeneous enhancement, non-invasive, calcification: Meningioma (“Men are gay/homo, Swans are hetero”)
129
Neuro lesions: Mass involving 3+ lobes
Gliomatosis cerebri
130
Neuro lesions: What is Parinaud syndrome
Mass effect with compression of tectal plate from pineal tumours, thus unable to vertical gaze

WlwG Old (22 decks)

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