*WlwG Neuro (Strokes/Tumours) Flashcards
Cavum (anterior)
Cavum septum pellucidum
Cavum (whole)
Cavum vergae
Cavum (posterior)
Cavum veli interpositi
What does anterior choroideal artery supply?
Hippocampus (“Korea Hippo”)
What does lenticulostriate artery supply?
Basal ganglia and caudate
Territories: ICA
Contra everything
Territories: ACA
Contra lower limb
Territories: MCA
Contra upper limb, aphasia, homonymous hemianopia
Territories: Lacunar
Contra ACA + MCA
Territories: PCA
Contra reduced visual recognition, homonymous hemianopia with macula sparing
Territories: Retinal/opthalmic artery
Ipsilateral amaurosis fugax/blindness
Territories: PICA/Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg syndrome
Ipsilateral horners/facial sensory/cerebellar, CONTRA limb sensory
Territories: Pontine
Ipsilateral CN6 horizontal gaze palsy
Territories: Basilar
Cerebellum + pons + CN3 palsy
Cerebral infarct: CT appearance
Hypodense throughout, hyperdense if haemorrhagic conversion at 1-4 weeks
Cerebral infarct: MRI appearance DWI
DWI-high/ADC-low acute to subacute, DWI/ADC-high when chronic
Cerebral infarct: MRI appearancec T2/FLAIR
Iso in acute, bright in subacute and chronic
Appearance of CNS vasculitis
Rapidly progressive T2-hyper with infarcts/haemorrhages
Appearance of Moyamoya
Watershed infarcts in kid with increased collaterals (basal ganglia)
Appearance of venous sinus thrombosis on CT and MRI
CT pre-contrast hyperdense, post-contrast hypodense clot
MRI T1-iso, T2-hypo during acute
Bleed: CT appearance
Bright in acute, gradual decrease, dark in chronic
Bleed: MRI apperance
<1 day hyperacute: T1-iso, T2-bright
2 days acute: T1-iso, T2-dark
>3 days early subacute: T1-bright, T2-dark
1-4 weeks late subacute: T1-bright, T2-bright
>4 weeks chronic T1-dark, T2-dark
(“T-oNe “n”, T-2U “U”) (“1234 212 Both” = Hyper Iso-Bri, Acute T2 dark, Early sub T1-bright, Late sub T2-bright, Chronic both dark”)
Bleed: Epidural appearance
Biconvex, not crossing suture/falx/tentorium but can cross midline (as superficial), associated with skull fracture
Bleed: HTN
Central (BG/pons)
Bleed: Subdural
Crescent, crossing suture but not falx/tentorium
Bleed: SAH
Random shape, blood in CSF spaces
Bleed: DAI
Multi-focal tiny T2-hyper bleeds at grey-white interface after trauma
Small aneurysms
Saccular berry aneurysm from PCKD/coarc/marfans/NF1
Large aneurysm with calcification
Giant aneurysm
Aneurysm at distal MCA
Mycotic aneurysm, from infn/IVDU/endocarditis
Aneurysm at posterior circulation (small)
Fusiform aneurysm, from connective tissue disorders
Aneurysm at posterior circulation (elongated)
Atherosclerotic aneurysm
Serpiginous arterial malformation
AVM
Medusa-head venous malformation
Anomalous medullary vein
Popcorn blooming susceptibility artefacts
Cavernoma
Signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis
CN3 palsy, peri-orbital swelling, exopthalmus, headache. Dense filling defect with distended cavernous sinus on CT/MRI
Artery and nerve involved in brain herniation
Basilar artery, PCA and CN3
Subdural CSF after trauma
Subdural hygroma
Loss of G-W interface
Cerebral oedema
Neuro enhancements: Extra-axial signs?
CSF cleft, next to grey matter but not white matter, enlarged subarachnoid space, bone involvement, +/- dural tail
Neuro enhancements: Extra-axial with dural tail dx
Meningioma/Dural mets
Neuro enhancements: Extra-axial without dural tail
Schwannoma/other tumours
Neuro enhancements: Intra-axial sub-cortical nodular with oedema
Mets
Neuro enhancements: Intra-axial sub-cortical nodular without oedema, peri-ventricle
MS
Neuro enhancements: Intra-tentorial nodular in young
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Neuro enhancements: Thin wall, T2-hypo, necrotic center, ring enhancement
Abscess
Neuro enhancements: Corpus callosum with secondary lesions
GBM
Neuro enhancements: Solitary with ventricle involvement
Lymphoma
Neuro enhancements: <1cm with thin walls and calcs
NeuroCystiCercosis (taenia tapeworm from pigs)
Neuro enhancements: Multiple in basal ganglia with HIV
Toxoplasmosis
Neuro enhancements: Enhancement around gyrus and brainstem dx and conditions
Lepto-meningeal (meningitis/encephalitis/infarct)
Neuro enhancements: Enhancement just under skull and falx dx and conditions
Pachy-meningeal (mets/sarcoid/TB/lymphoma)