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WlwG Old > WlwG Head (excl neuro) > Flashcards

WlwG Head (excl neuro) Flashcards

1
Q

Eye globe: Dense T2-hypo intra-ocular mass with calcifications behind pupil in child

A

Retinoblastoma

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2
Q

Eye globe: T1-hyper posterior exophytic mass

A

Melanoma

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3
Q

Eye globe: CT-hyper vitreous with small globe

A

Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV)

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4
Q

Eye globe: T1-hyper densities without calcifications in one eye in child

A

Coats disease (haemorrhage)

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5
Q

Eye: Posterior outpouching of globe

A

Coloboma

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6
Q

Eye: AP elongation of globe

A

Myopia

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7
Q

Eye: Large globe with raised intra-ocular pressure in child

A

Buphthalmos

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8
Q

Eye globe: Detachment at medial and lateral sides of globe, sparring posterior globe

A

Choroid detachment

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9
Q

Eye globe: V-shape detachment with involvement of posterior as well as medial/lateral globe

A

Retinal detachment

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10
Q

Eye: Optic nerve head calcifications

A

Drusen

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11
Q

Eye: Optic nerve and canal enlargement in child

A

Optic nerve glioma

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12
Q

Eye: Circumferential enhancement around optic nerve with linear bands of enhancement in adult

A

Optic nerve meningioma

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13
Q

Eye: Unilateral painful nerve enhancement without enlargement

A

Optic neuritis (from MS/ADEM)

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14
Q

Eye: Unilateral extra-ocular well-defined T2-hyper lesion in adult, extra-conal

A

Orbital cavernous venous malformation

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15
Q

Eye: Unilateral extra-ocular T2-hyper cystic mass with haemorrhage in child, extra-conal

A

Orbital lymphangioma/lymphatic malformation

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16
Q

Eye: Extra-ocular medial socket mass in child

A

RhabdoMyoSarcoma (“Lymphoma lateral, rhabdoMyosarcoma medial”)

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17
Q

Eye: Extra-ocular lateral socket fatty mass in child

A

Dermoid

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18
Q

Eye: Extra-ocular lateral socket enhancing/diffusion restricted mass

A

Lymphoma (“Lymphoma lateral, rhabdoMyosarcoma medial”)

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19
Q

Eye: Periorbital and surrounding optic nerve mass with proptosis, extra-conal

A

Neuroblastoma mets

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20
Q

Eye: Extra-conal lesions (x4)

A

(“Unilateral = Malformations/Mets, Bilateral = Thyroid eye”):

Orbital cavernous venous malformation: Well-defined T2-hyper benign vascular malformation in ADULT.

Orbital venous lymphatic malformation aka lymphangioma: Extra-conal cystic mass with haemorrhage in CHILD, T2-hyper.

Neuroblastoma mets: Periorbital/surrounding optic nerve mass causing PROPTOSIS and ‘Raccoon eye’ appearance.

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21
Q

Eye: Conal (aka muscular layer) lesions (x4):

A

RhabdoMyoSarcoma: Large SUPERIO-MEDIAL SOCKET malignant soft tissue mass in CHILD
(“RMS = Really malignant in medial socket”).

Dermoid: SUPERIO-LATERAL SOCKET benign FATTY mass in child.

Orbital lymphoma: Superio-lateral socket with homogeneous ENHANCEMENT and DR.

Orbital Pseudo-tumour: PAINFUL, unilateral extra-orbital muscle/LATERAL RECTUS thickening/inflm
- If involves cavernous sinus = Tolosa Hunt syndrome.

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22
Q

Eye: Unilateral orbital muscle/lateral rectus thickening and inflamation, T2-hypo, not involving cavernous sinus

A

Orbital pseudo-tumour***
(“Thickening, thus not real tumour”)

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23
Q

Eye: Unilateral orbital muscle/lateral rectus thickening and inflamation, T2-hypo, also involving cavernous sinus

A

Tolosa Hunt syndrome***

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24
Q

Eye location vision and cause: Optic nerve

A

Monocular vision, from MS/GCA

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25
Q

Eye location vision and cause: Optic chiasm

A

Bitemporal hemianopia, frmo TB/Sarcoid/aneurysm

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26
Q

Eye location vision and cause: Optic tract

A

Homonymous hemianopia, intracranial causes thus infarct/bleed

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27
Q

Eye location vision and cause: Parietal optic radiation

A

Inferior homonymous quadrantopis, intracranial causes

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28
Q

Eye location vision and cause: Temporal optic radiation

A

Superior homonymous quadrantopia, intracranial causes

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29
Q

Eye location vision and cause: Occipital lobe

A

Homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing, intracranial causes

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30
Q

Eye location vision: CN3

A

Down and out eye with ptosis and pupil dilation

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31
Q

Eye location vision: CN4

A

Cannot down and in (superior oblique, SOLAR)

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32
Q

Eye location vision: CN6

A

Cannot out (lateral rectus)

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33
Q

Eye: Bilateral symmetrical painless proptosis

A

Thyroid eye disease

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34
Q

Eye: Thyroid eye disease muscles involved

A

IMST = Inferior -> medial -> superior -> lateral

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35
Q

Ear Pulsatile Tinnitus: Increased bony formation around middle ear

A

Otosclerosis

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36
Q

Ear Pulsatile Tinnitus: Mass-like vessel with enlarged facial nerve canal

A

Persistent stapedial artery

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37
Q

Ear Pulsatile Tinnitus: Enhancing ++ mass at jugular bulb +/- bony erosion

A

Glomus tumour, dense blush on angiography

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38
Q

Ear Pulsatile Tinnitus: Enlarged inferior tympanic caniliculus

A

Aberrant ICA

39
Q

Ear Pulsatile Tinnitus: Enlarged middle ear endolymphatic space with ear fullness

A

Menieres

40
Q

Ear Pulsatile Tinnitus: ICA issues

A

ICA dissection/aneurysm/stenosis

41
Q

Ear conditions: EAC expansion without bony erosion

A

Keratosis obturans

42
Q

Ear conditions: EAC/middle ear erosion, T1-hypo, T2-hyper, diffusion restriction

A

Cholesteatoma

43
Q

Ear conditions: EAC/middle ear erosion, T1-hyper

A

Cholesterol granuloma

44
Q

Ear conditions: EAC/middle ear erosion, mastoiditis, DM

A

Malignant OE

45
Q

Ear conditions: Middle ear fluid

A

Otitis media

46
Q

Ear conditions: Middle ear (cochlear/semicircular canal) enhancement

A

Labyrinthitis

47
Q

Ear conditions: Middle ear ossification

A

Labyrinthitis ossificans

48
Q

Ear conditions: Fluctuating hearing loss and vertigo following cholesteatoma

A

Labyrinthine fistula

49
Q

Ear conditions: Vertigo/nystagmus with semicircular canal defect

A

Superior SCC dehiscence

50
Q

Ear conditions: Petrous apex inflm with CN5/7 pain

A

Petrous apicitis

51
Q

Ear conditions: Petrous apex inflm with CN6 pain/palsy (+/- CN5/7)

A

Gradenigo (“Graduate at the apex vs To lose a hunt in the Cave - Tolosa hunt involves cavernous sinus”)

52
Q

Ear conditions: Petrous temporal bone fracture, which nerves involved

A

CN7/8 affected wtih post-auricular haematoma/battle sign

53
Q

Ear conditions: CN7 palsy from herpes simplex infn

A

Bell’s palsy

54
Q

Ear conditions: Which part of CN7 affected by Bell’s palsy

A

Labyrynthine CN7

55
Q

Eye conditions: Cavernous sinus inflm, CN3/4/6 palsy and facial pain

A

Tolosa hunt

56
Q

Eye conditions: Cavernous sinus swelling, CN3 palsy

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

57
Q

Skull base/Nose: Olfactory groove/sphenoidal plane mass

A

Meningioma

58
Q

Skull base/Nose: Heterogeneous enhancing mass at upper nose with bone erosion

A

Olfactory neuro-blastoma

59
Q

Skull base/Nose: T1/T2-hypo bone lesion with enhancement and expansion

A

FibroDysplasia

60
Q

Sinus: Involves ostium

A

Antrochoanal polyp

61
Q

Skull base/Nose: Congenital obstruction in posterio-nose with breathing obstruction

A

Choanal atresia

62
Q

Skull base/Nose: T2-hyper mass in maxillary sinus/nasal cavity

A

Sinonasal SCC

63
Q

Skull base/Nose: Lateral nasal wall polypoid enhancing lesion with bony erosion

A

Inverted papilloma ***

64
Q

Skull base/Nose: Sphenopalatine/pterygopalatine vascular mass with epistaxis in child

A

Juvenile angiofibroma

65
Q

Sinus: Mucosal thickening

A

Sinusitis

66
Q

Sinus: Small rounded lesion

A

Mucous retention cyst

67
Q

Sinus: Occupies entire sinus, non-enhancing

A

Mucocoele

68
Q

Sinus: Lesion with bone erosion

A

Inverted papilloma

69
Q

Sinus: Heterogeneous lesion, centrally dense with peripheral enhancement

A

Mycetoma

70
Q

Sinus: Diffuse sinusitis with polyps, T2-hypo

A

Allergic fungal sinusitis

71
Q

Sinus: Sinus opacification with bony erosion in DM/steroid/immunocompromised

A

Invasive fungal sinusitis

72
Q

Sinus: Enhancing T2-hyper aggressive and invasive lesion

A

Sinonasal SCC

73
Q

Mouth/Pharynx: Aggressive enhancing mass with bone erosion

A

Oropharyngeal squamous cell ca / OPSCC, associated with HPV/smoking

74
Q

Mouth/Pharynx: Thin-walled cyst at floor of mouth/submental region

A

Dermoid/epidermoid cyst

75
Q

Mouth/Pharynx: Inflamation from dental infn

A

Phlegmon

76
Q

Mouth/Pharynx: Floor of mouth rapidly worsening infn

A

Ludwig angina

77
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Round cyst in bone with dental infn

A

Odontogenic cyst

78
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Round cyst in bone with unerupted tooth

A

Dentigerous follicular cyst

79
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Soap bubble multilocular lucency in bone

A

Ameloblastoma (cementoma is opacity)

80
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Opacity with lucent surrounding halo at tooth root

A

Cementoma (ameloblastoma is lucency)

81
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Malformed tooth

A

Odontoma

82
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Multiple basal cell carcinoma and karatocysts

A

Gorlin-Goltz

83
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Pain, clickling, locked jaw

A

TMJ dysfunction

84
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Jaw hypertrophy with multiple cysts

A

Cherubism

85
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Multilocular painless bone lucency with scalloped margins

A

Giant cell granuloma

86
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Invasive lesion in child

A

Rhabdosarcoma

87
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Invasive lesion in adult

A

Chondrosarcoma

88
Q

Mandible/Maxilla: Le Fort fractures 1-3?

A

1 = horizontal across maxilla, 2 = pyramidal, 3 = craniofacial.

89
Q

Nasopharynx/Retropharynx: Symmetric midline masses, no bony erosion, no LN

A

Adenoid hyperplasia (tornwaldt is single, Waldeyers has LN)

90
Q

Nasopharynx/Retropharynx: Single midline cyst, T1-var, T2-hypo

A

Tornwaldt cyst (adenoids are bilateral)

91
Q

Nasopharynx/Retropharynx: Symmetrical bilateral mass with LN

A

Waldeyers lymphoma (Adenoid hypertrophy no LN)

92
Q

Nasopharynx/Retropharynx: Widened prevertebral space with enhancement

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

93
Q

What is Tullio phenomenon?

A

Tullio phenomenon = Vertigo/nystagmus from Superior SCC dehiscence

WlwG Old (22 decks)

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