*WlwG MSK Fractures and MSK Paeds Flashcards by WlwG W

MSK Injury name & stability: C1 compression from diving

Jefferson fracture, unstable
(“Jefferson the diver”)

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MSK Injury name & stability: Basion-axial interval >12mm

AA disociation, unstable

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MSK Injury name & stability: Hyper-extension fracture of C2

Hangman’s, unstable

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MSK Injury name & stability: Extension fracture of anterio-inferior C2

C2 teardrop fracture, stable

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MSK Injury name & stability: Flexion fracture at anterio-inferior cervical vertebra

Flexion teardrop, unstable

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MSK Injury name & stability: Oblique avulsion fracture of cervical spinous process

Clay-shovelers fracture
(“Head twisting when shoveling, thus cervical spinous process”)

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MSK Injury name & stability: Flexion compression fracture

Wedge fracture, stable

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MSK Injury name & stability: Severe anterolisthesis and increased interspinous distance

Bilateral facet dislocation, unstable

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MSK Injury name & stability: Mild increased interspinous distance with mild anteriolisthesis

Unilateral facet dislocation, stable. Spinous process points to affected side.

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MSK Injury name & stability: Comminuted compression fracture of L1

Jumpers fracture

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MSK Injury name & stability: Pars defect at L4-5

SpondyloLysis

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MSK Injury name & stability: Tripod fracture components?

Zygomatico-frontal suture + posterior zygomatic arch + inferior orbital/lateral maxillary

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MSK Injury name: Ulnar shaft, Radial head

Monteggia (“Monty python is near/proximal, Gale blows things far/distal”).

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MSK Injury name: Distal radius and DRUJ dislocation

Galeazzi (“Monty python is near/proximal, Gale blows things far/distal”).

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MSK Injury name: Radial head and DRUJ dislocation

Essex-Lopresti
(“Fisting during sex, thus prox and distal radius”)

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MSK Injury name: Distal radius and ulnar styloid, dorsal displacement of radius

Colles
(“Come sign, thus dorsal displacement”)

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MSK Injury name: Distal radius and ulnar styloid, volar displacement of radius

Smith
(“Stop sign, thus volar displacement”)

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MSK Injury name: Dorsal aspect of distal radius fracture

Barton
(“Bartender shake drink, thus distal radius”)

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MSK Injury name: Chronic scapho-lunate dislocation with scaphoid non-union

Scapho-Lunate advanced collapse (SLAC), from CPPD

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MSK Injury name: Dorsal dislocation of 1st metacarpal

Bennett***
(“Bend it/Bin it, thus bend thumb fracture”)
(Compare Rolando with comminuted fracture “Roll on it”)

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MSK Injury name: Dorsal dislocation of 1st metacarpal with comminuted fracture

Rolando
(“Roll on it, thus comminuted thumb fracture”)
(Compare Bennett without comminuted fracture, just dislocation)
(Compare Skiers thumb, fracture of 1st proximal phalange instead of metacarpal)

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MSK Injury name: Fracture of base of 1st proximal phalange, dx and ligament involved

Skier’s thumb, Ulnar Collateral ligament involved***
(Compare Bennett/Rolando, fracture of 1st metacarpal)

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MSK Injury name: DIP flexion

Baseball finger

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MSK Injury name: PIP flexion, DIP extension

Boutonniere finger

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MSK Injury name: Carpal tunnel nerve and muscles involved?

Median nerve, thenar muscles (Ab PB, FPB, Opponens pollicis and 1st/2nd lumbricals (aka lateral lumbricals) (“FAB & peace sign”)

MSK Injury name: Guyons canal components

Ulnar artery, Ulnar nerve

MSK Injury name: Femoral AVN artery and cause involved

Femoral circumflex artery from sub-capital femoral head fracture

MSK Injury name: FAI, CAM vs Pincer meaning

Cam (overgrowth of anterolateral femoral head-neck junction. Pincer (excessively deep acetabulum)

MSK Injury name: Piriformis syndrome nerve involved

Sciatic nerve***

MSK Injury name: Chronic groin pain in athletes

Athletic Pubalgia

MSK Injury name: Dense sclerosis of iliac bone adjacent to SI joint in multiparous women

Osteitis condensans

MSK Injury name: Proximal tibia stress fracture

Runners fracture

MSK Injury name: Patellofemoral joint/tendon degeneration

Jumpers knee/Patellar tendinitis

MSK Injury name: Meniscal calcification causes

CPPD, hyperPTH, Wilsons disease, Gout

MSK Injury name: What is segond vs reverse segond fracture and associated ligament tear

***Segond fracture: Avulsion fracture of supero-LATERAL proximal TIBIA, associated with ACL TEAR. Reverse Segond fracture: Supero-MEDIAL proximal tibia, associated with PCL TEAR.

MSK Injury name: Supra-malleolar fracture in jumper

Tibia Pilon fracture ("Tibia pile onto malleolus")

MSK Injury name: Lateral distal tibia/distal tibiofibular junction avulsion injury

Tibia tillaux fracture ("Tibia tail, thus tibia and tibfib joint affected, compare to Wagstaffe which is fibula affected")

MSK Injury name: Medial distal fibula/distal tibiofibular junction avulsion injury

Wagstaffe fracture

MSK Injury name: Ankle inversion injury ligaments involved?

Calcaneofibular (CFL) > Anterior talofib (ATFL) > Posterior talofib (PTFL) > Anterior TIBIOFIB

MSK Injury name: Ankle eversion injury ligaments involved?

Deltoid ligament (“Delt-OUT for outward ankle”)

MSK Injury name: Posterio-inferior calcaneal fracture

Lovers fracture (fall from height). Lovers triad = calcaneal + spine + arm fractures

MSK Injury name: Bony overgrowth/erosion of calcaneus with compression of distal Achilles tendon

Haglund disease (from bad shoes)

MSK Injury name: Osteochondrosis of metatarsal head

Freiberg infarct, repetitive trauma in teen girls

MSK Injury name: Transverse fracture of 5th metatarsal proximal shaft

Jones fracture

MSK Injury name: Dorsal dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint

Lisfranc

MSK Injury name: Fascia inflm/thickening from repeated heel trauma

Plantar fasciitis

US Shoulder method: Subscapularis

External rotation and Adduction (“Subtract, X and +”)

US Shoulder method: Supraspinatus

Internal rotation ("Spine, thus hand at back")

US Shoulder method: Subacromial impingement

Internal rotation and Abduction (“Pinch A BIN”)

US Shoulder method: Biceps

Point to contralateral knee

US Shoulder method: Infraspinatus and teres minor

Hand on contralateral shoulder

Hip Attachments: ASIS

Sartorius ("Superior sartorius, compare rectus femorAIIS")

Hip Attachments: AIIS

Rectus femorAIIS (Compare "superior sartorius")

Hip Attachments: Pubic ramus/symphisis

Adductors (magnus/longus/brevis/gracilis)

Hip Attachments: Greater trochanter

Gluteus medius/minimus ("Great butt")

Hip Attachments: Lesser trochanter

Iliopsoas ("Soas is a lesser school")

Hip Attachments: Ischial tuberosity

Hamstrings (Biceps femoris, SemiT/SemiM "Bottom of hip = BTM")

Salter Harris Mnemonic

S: Straight across / Separated growth plate A: Above (ie metaphyseal) L: Lower (ie epiphyseal) T: Through (A + L) E: Erasure of growth plate / merged growth plate R: Reaction of periosteum

Absent ball-and-socket hip joint with recurrent superiolateral hip dislocation in infant

DDH

AVN of femoral epiphysis with painless limp in child

Perthes

Femur SH1 fracture after trauma in fat teen

SUFE

No pectoralis

Poland "pact"

No patella

Nail-patella syndrome

No clavicle

Cleido-cranial dysostosis

No thumb/radius

("Hold-oram") = Holt-oram

Small mandible

Caffey ("Cannot drink coffee")

Inward foot

Talipes equinovarus

Outward foot

Tarsal coalition

Many epiphyseal osteo-chondromas

Trevor disease

Many soft tissue/cartilage calcifications

ChondroDysplasia Punctata

Many bone islands

Osteopoi-KILO-sis

Dripping wax bones

Melorheostosis

Mental retard + piss glycosaminoglycans + short

MucoPolySaccharidosis

Short person

Achondroplasia

Recurrent fractures, sclerotic bones

Osteopetrosis

Short with recurrent fractures

PyknoDysostosis

Recurrent fractures, osteoporosis, hearing loss

Osteogenesis Imperfecta type 1

Frisky Freckly and Fibrous

Mcune Albright

Many basal cell ca

Gorlin syndrome (Gremlin)

Tall with long limbs

Marfans

Hip effusion in child after infn/flu

Transient synovitis

Hip effusion with hip pain

Septic arthritis

Athlete with repeated joint trauma

OCD, do MRI

Unstable pelvic fracture meaning

Involves 2+ components of pelvic ring (eg iliac and pubic ramus)

Unstable femoral fracture meaning

Inter-trochanteric fracture with involvement of posteriomedial or lateral aspects

Shoulder Attachments: Deltoid

Clavicle/acromion/scapula to deltoid tuberosity humerus

Shoulder Attachments: Teres major

Scapula to inter-tubercle groove humerus

Shoulder Attachments: Rotator cuff except subscapularis

Scapula to greater tubercle humerus

Shoulder Attachments: Subscapularis

Scapula to lesser tubercle humerus

Tendon involved in flat foot?

Posterior tibial tendon and spring ligament

Foot drop nerve?

Peroneal nerve

ACL insertions

ACL - Anteriomedial tibia plateau to lateral femoral condyle PCL - posteriolateral tibia plateau to medial femoral condyle

PCL insertions

ACL - Anteriomedial tibia plateau to lateral femoral condyle PCL - posteriolateral tibia plateau to medial femoral condyle

Hill-sachs vs Bankart

Hill-sachs: Posterio-lateral humeral head depression fracture from anterior shoulder dislocation Bankart: Anterio-inferior glenoid labrum from anterior shoulder dislocation Reverse Bankart: Posterio-inferior glenoid labrum from posterior shoulder dislocation

MSK Injuries: Difference between SLAC vs SNAC vs DISI

SLAC (scapholunate widening) SNAC/Scaphoid non-union (scaphoid fracture) DISI/Dorsal instability (increased scapholunate angle >60 degrees)

MSK Injury name: Horizontal splitting of vertebra due to anterior compression (seatbelt), usually L2-3

Chance fracture (Compare Wedge fracture due to flexion, Burst fracture due to axial compression/jumper)

MSK Injury name: Comminuted vertebral body due to axial compression (jumper), usually L1 region.

Burst fracture (Compare Wedge fracture due to flexion, Chance fracture due to anterior compression/seatbelt)

Attachments: PSIS

Gluteus maximus

Attachments: PIIS

Superior gamelus

Attachments: Knee medial condyle

Adductor magnus

Attachments: Knee lateral condyle

Popliteus

Attachments: Base of thumb

Abd PL ("Eat Apple") Compare base of 5th finger = "Easy promise = ECU")

Attachments: Base of 5th finger

"Easy promise = ECU" Compare base of thumb = "Eat Apple = Abd PL

Attachments: Medial elbow epicondyle

Common flexors

Attachments: Lateral elbow epicondyle

Common extensors