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WlwG Old > WlwG KUB > Flashcards

WlwG KUB Flashcards

1
Q

Bosniak 1 meaning and mx

A

Simple: <20Hu, non-enhancing, no septations/calcs, no F/U

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2
Q

Bosniak 2 meaning and mx

A

Complicated: Bosniak 2 (<20 Hu or >70 Hu cyst pre-contrast, <3mm enhancing septations/calcs, any non-enhancing septations), no F/U

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3
Q

Bosniak 2F meaning and mx

A

(4+ enhancing septations, or 3+mm thick enhancing septations, or 3+cm non-enhancing/enhancing cyst), 6 monthly then yearly f/u

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4
Q

Bosniak 3 meaning and mx

A

(multi-loculated/complex septations/heavy calcifications), for surgery

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5
Q

Bosniak 4 meaning and mx

A

(enhancing >15Hu, ie RCC), for surgery

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6
Q

Kidney Cyst: Bilateral enlarged kidneys in adult

A

AD PCKD (ADult)

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7
Q

Kidney Cyst: Bilateral enlarged kidneys in child

A

AR PCKD

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8
Q

Kidney Cyst: Bilateral small kidneys

A

Medullary Cystic Disease/MCD (“Mcdonalds gives small kidneys”)

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9
Q

Kidney + pancreas + adrenal cysts

A

Von Hippel Lindau (“HiPPEL” = Haemangioma, Pheo, Pancreatic cysts, Eye haemangioblastoma, Liver cyst”)

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10
Q

Kidney + adrenal + skin (solids)

A

NF1

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11
Q

Bilateral AML with hamartoma

A

Tuberous Sclerosis (“TUBAH = Tubers, AML, Hamartomas”)

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12
Q

Bilateral hypoechoic hypodense solid in kidneys

A

Lymphoma

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13
Q

Bilateral renal cysts with ESRF

A

Uremic Cystic Disease

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14
Q

Single fatty/vascular in kidney

A

AML

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15
Q

Single scar in kidney

A

Oncocytoma

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16
Q

Single solid in kidney cortex with calcs

A

Clear cell RCC
(“Clear calcs, compare papillary pre renal”)

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17
Q

Single solid in kidney cortex, prev renal transplant

A

Papillary RCC
(“Papillary pre renal”)

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18
Q

Single solid in renal pelvis/ureter

A

TCC

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19
Q

Calcium layering in calyx

A

Milk of calcium cyst/Calyceal diverticulum

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20
Q

Alternating hyper and hypo-attenuation

A

Acute pyelonephritis

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21
Q

Small scarred kidneys with cortical thinning

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

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22
Q

Gas in kidney in DM patients

A

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

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23
Q

Gas in collecting system in DM patients

A

Emphysematous pyelitis

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24
Q

Large staghorn calculus with ‘bear paw’ appearance

A

XantuloGranulomatous Pyelonephritis

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25
Multiple abscesses with hydronephrosis in kidney
Candidiasis ("Kidney candy")
26
Hyper-pigmented skin lesions with multi-system failure weeks/months after scan
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
27
Non radio-opaque stones, cause and management
Uric acid, treat with potassium citrate
28
Radio-opaque stones, cause and management
Calcium>struvite, <2.5cm ESWL, >2.5cm percutaneous removal
29
Kidney US echogenic focus with acoustic shadow
Renal stones
30
Kidney US comet tail artefact
Adenomyomatosis
31
Causes of peripheral vs central calcifications in kidney (nephrocalcinosis)
Peripheral: Glomerulonephritis, infn, pregnancy Central: Hyper-calcaemia, renal tubular acidosis, drugs
32
Unilateral proximal renal artery stenosis cause
Atherosclerosis
33
Bilateral distal renal artery stenosis cause
Fibro-muscular dysplasia ("BD RASH = Bilateral Distal Renal Artery String-of-beads stenosis with HTN")
34
Hypo-echoic renal cortex, reversed arterial flow, absent venous flow
Renal vein thrombosis
35
Left renal vein compressed by SMA with left flank/testicular pain
Nutcracker syndrome
36
Wedge shaped or diffuse hypodensity of renal cortex
Renal infarct (partial or complete)
37
Cavitations/necrosis at renal papillae with linear streaky contrast filling
Renal papillary necrosis (lobster claw sign)
38
High doppler resistive index in kidney causes
Acute tubular necrosis, transplant rejection, urinary obstruction, renal vein thrombosis ('obstructed output')
39
Low doppler resistive index in kidney causes
Renal Artery stenosis (renal vein thrombosis is high index)
40
Post renal transplant: Reduced excretion, normal perfusion
Acute tubular necrosis ("Attention = cannot excrete")
41
Post renal transplant: Reduced perfusion
Acute kidney rejection ("Rejected = cannot perfuse")
42
Post renal transplant: Fluid collections at post-op, 1 week, 1+month causes?
Post-op = haematoma 1 week = urinoma 1+ month = Abscess (rim enhancing), lymphocele (cyst)
43
Paediatric kidney solids: Congenital solid
Mesoblastic nephroma
44
Paediatric kidney solids: <1 year, nodular
NephroBlastomosis
45
Paediatric kidney solids: 1-3 years with calcs
NephroBlastoma
46
Paediatric kidney solids: 3-5 years, no calcs
Wilms
47
Paediatric kidney solids: Teenager
RCC
48
Paediatric kidney solids: Multiple
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
49
Paediatric kidney cystic: Dilated collecting ducts with calcs
Medullary sponge kidney
50
Paediatric kidney cystic: <1 year old, multiple cysts, reflux/obstruction
Multi-cystic dysplastic kidney
51
Paediatric kidney cystic: Multi-septated cysts in 3-5 year old
Multi-locular cystic nephroma
52
Paediatric kidney cystic: Cystic dilation of lymphatics, haematuria, flank pain
Lymphangioma
53
Paediatric kidney: Hearing loss
Alports
54
Paediatric kidney: Renal failure with haemolytic anaemia, requires dialysis
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
55
Ureter cancer type?
Transitional cell Ca (TCC)
56
Ureter reflux grade 1-5?
Grade 1: Reflux only in ureter Grade 2: Involve pelvicalyceal Grade 3: Involve pelvis Grade 4: Above + tortuous ureter Grade 5: Above + markedly dilated tortuous ureter and pelvicalyceal system
57
Dilated distal ureter in child with reflux
Ureterocoele
58
Duplicated ureter, upper pole inserts to where in bladder?
Inferiomedial bladder, prone to obstruction. Lower pole ureter prone to reflux.
59
Dilated ureters with bilateral undescended testes cause
Prune-belly syndrome
60
Remnant of Wolfian duct with urethral obstruction in child
Posterior urethral valve
61
Urachal anomalies: Whole urachus dilated?
Patent urachus
62
Urachal anomalies: Upper urachus dilated?
Umbilical-urachal sinus (umbilicus is higher)
63
Urachal anomalies: Lower urachus dilated?
Vesico-urachal divert (bladder is lower)
64
Urachal anomalies: Center urachus dilated?
Urachal cyst
65
Urachal anomalies: Bladder hernia through anterior abdominal wall?
Bladder exstrophy
66
Bladder cystitis: Bacterial vs chronic vs emphysematous vs TB vs schistosomiasis signs?
Bacterial: Cobblestone mucosa with reduced bladder capacity (usually E.coli/staph/strep) Chronic: May have cysts, due to prolonged reflux/divert/obstruction Emphysematous: Gas in bladder wall in DM (E. coli) TB: Small thick walled bladder with fibrosis Schistosomiasis: Extensive calcs
67
Large pine cone bladder cause?
Neurogenic bladder
68
Bladder cancer commonest type?
Transitional cell Ca, usually at base/posterior bladder (from smoking/radiation/dyes)
69
Bladder cancer from Schistosomiasis/supra-pubic catheter
Squamous cell Ca, usually at lateral walls
70
Bladder cancer at anterior wall
Bladder/Urachal adenoCa
71
Bladder cancer at lateral walls
Squamous cell Ca (from Schistosomiasis/supra-pubic catheter, calcs ++
72
Bladder cancer at base/posterior
Transitional cell Ca
73
Bladder cancer in child
Rhabdomyosarcoma
74
Enlarged Kidneys/Cortical Rim sign: Causes in unilateral kidney, high resistive index
Renal vein occlusion - CT-hypo - US doppler reversal of arterial flow with absent venous flow
75
Enlarged Kidneys/Cortical Rim sign: Causes in Bilateral kidneys, high resistive index
Acute Tubular Necrosis: - Within 1 day of transplant - Reduced EXCRETION, Normal perfusion on MAG angiography - Persistent and striated nephrogram on CT from stasis of contrast (“Tubal anomaly, so perfusion okay but cannot excrete”). Acute rejection: - Within 1 week of transplant - Reduced PERFUSION (ie uptake) on MAG angiography (“Kidney anomaly, so can't perfuse”) Renal cortical necrosis - Due to haemorrhage/shock/transplant - T1/T2-hypo, non-enhancing renal cortex with normal enhancing renal medulla - Reduced PERFUSION
76
Enlarged Kidneys/Cortical Rim sign: Causes in Unilateral kidney, Low resistive index
Unilateral proximal renal artery obstruction (atherosclerosis) - CT-hyperdense thrombus - Wedge/entire non-enhancing kidney
77
Enlarged Kidneys/Cortical Rim sign: Causes in Bilateral kidneys, low resistive index
Bilateral distal renal artery obstruction (Fibro-muscular dysplasia) - CT-hyperdense thrombus - Wedge/entire non-enhancing kidney “BD RASH” = Bilateral Distal Renal Artery String-of-beads stenosis & HTN
78
Enlarged Kidneys/Cortical Rim sign: Causes and appearance of renal artery obstruction
Unilateral proximal renal artery obstruction (atherosclerosis) - CT-hyperdense thrombus - Wedge/entire non-enhancing kidney Bilateral distal renal artery obstruction (Fibro-muscular dysplasia) - CT-hyperdense thrombus - Wedge/entire non-enhancing kidney “BD RASH” = Bilateral Distal Renal Artery String-of-beads stenosis & HTN
79
Enlarged Kidneys/Cortical Rim sign: Difference between ATN, Acute rejection and Renal cortical necrosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis: - Within 1 day of transplant - Reduced EXCRETION, Normal perfusion on MAG angiography - Persistent and striated nephrogram on CT from stasis of contrast (“Tubal anomaly, so perfusion okay but cannot excrete”). Acute rejection: - Within 1 week of transplant - Reduced PERFUSION (ie uptake) on MAG angiography (“Kidney anomaly, so can't perfuse”) Renal cortical necrosis - Due to haemorrhage/shock/transplant - T1/T2-hypo, non-enhancing renal cortex with normal enhancing renal medulla - Reduced PERFUSION

WlwG Old (22 decks)

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