WlwG Male Genitalia Flashcards
Calcified plaqes in penis
Peyronies
Fracture of penis involves which layers?
Corpus cavernosa and tunica albuginea
Penis cancer type?
Squamous cell ca
Prostatic urethra divertivulum?
Prostatic utricle cyst
Prostate transition zone is inner or outer? And T1/T2?
Inner-most, T1/T2-hypo
Prostate periperal zone is inner or outer? And T1/T2?
Outer-most, T1-hypo, T2-hyper
Prostate T1-hyper dx?
Haemorrhage
Prostate T2-heterogeneous in transitional zone dx?
BPH
Location and appearance of prostate Ca?
Peripheral zone > transitional zone
US-hypo, T2-hypo, DR, Enhancing
Prostate diffuse T2-hypo, hypoechoic nodules dx?
Granulomatous prostatitis
Prostate MRI sequences?
3-plane: T2
Axial: DWI, Pre-con T1, Post-con T1
PIRADS 1-5 meaning?
P1 = normal
P2 = indeterminate but unlikely
P3 = Equivocal, mild DR or T2-hypo, do Dynamic contrast enhancement
P4 = suspicious, moderate DR or T2-hypo
P5 = very suspicious, P4 and 1.5+ cm or extra-prostatic extension (broken through capsule)
Prostate Dynamic contrast enhancement curve types
Type 1 = progressive (mildly upslope)
Type 2 = Plateua (moderate upslope then flatten)
Type 3 = Wash in wash out (steep upslope then downslope
Prostate PSA/Gleason management?
PSA <10 and Gleason <6 = low risk, MRI pelvis
PSA 10-20 OR Gleason 7 = moderate risk, MRI pelvis with bone scan, kiv surgery/RT
PSA 20+ or Gleason 8+ = high risk, MRI pelvis with bone scan and CTTAP, kiv surgery/RT
Testes conditions: No testes
Cryptorchidism
Testes conditions: Painless enlargement
Hydrocele
Testes conditions: Painful arterial
Epididymo-Orchitis
Testes conditions: Painful venous
Varicocele
Testes conditions: Painful with reduced arterial flow
Torsion
Testes conditions: Anechoic simple cyst
Epididymal cyst/Tunica albuginea (surrounding testes) cyst
Testes conditions: Multiple tubular cysts with internal echoes in testes
Tubular ectasia
Testes conditions: Multiple cysts with internal echoes in epidermis
Spermatocele
Testes conditions: Non-vascular cyst with ‘onion-skin’ alternating rings of hyper and hypo
Epidermoid cyst
Testes cancer: Child, raised AFP, no focal mass
Yolk sac
Testes cancer: Child, normal AFP, focal mass with calcs
Teratoma
Testes cancer: Adult, homogeneous with bHCG
Seminoma
Testes cancer: Adult, heterogeneous with bHCG, mets ++
ChorioCa
Testes cancer: Bilateral testes, peutz-jeghers
Sertoli cell
Testes cancer: Multiple/bilateral testes
Lymphoma
Testes cancer: Paratesticular scrotal mass in child
RhabdoMyoSarcoma
Causes of Epididymitis vs Orchitis vs EO
Epididymitis: STI (chlamydia/gonorrhoea) or UTI (E. coli)
Orchitis: Mumps
EO: STI/UTI as above, TB
Testes microlithiasis conditions?
Downs, Klinefelters, cancer
Testes conditions: Left or Right varicocele to do US Kidney?
Right varicocele
Necrotising fasciitis in perineum/scrotum?
Fournier gangrene
Elevated AFP/bHCG, mass in sacro-coccygeal region
Sacro-coccygeal teratoma
Different causes of membranous vs short bulbous vs long bulbous urethral strictures
Membranous urethra stricture (IDC/Radiotherapy)
Short bulbous stricture (Trauma eg cycling)
Long bulbous stricture (infn/gonococcus)
Cyst extending outside prostate, no urethra communication
Mullerian duct cyst
(Compare cyst communicating with prostatic urethra = Prostatic utricle cyst)
Cyst communicating with prostatic urethra
Prostatic utricle cyst
(Compare cyst extending outside prostate, no urethra communication = Mullerian duct cyst)