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WlwG Old > WlwG Neck > Flashcards

WlwG Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 1 type 1

A

Adjacent to EAC

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2
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 1 type 2

A

Parotid

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3
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 2

A

Mandible angle to carotid bifurcation

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4
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 3

A

Infrahyoid neck along SCM

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5
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 4

A

Adjacent to thyroid

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6
Q

Branchial cleft: Difference between cyst, sinus and fistula

A

Cyst = no communication. Sinus = incomplete track. Fistula = communication

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7
Q

Location of: Thyroglossal duct cyst

A

Midline thin-walled cyst, infrahyoid

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8
Q

Location of: Cystic hygroma

A

Posterior cervical triangle, T2-hyper non-enhancing

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9
Q

T2-extremely hyper with enhancement, US-hyper in infant/child

A

Infant haemangioma, associated with PHACES syndrome (posterior fossa, haemangioma, arterial anomaly, coarctation of aorta, eye anomaly, subglottic haemangioma).

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10
Q

Type of cancer in larynx

A

SCC

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11
Q

Cause of vocal cord nodules/polyps

A

Vocal cord abuse, benign

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12
Q

Dilated laryngeal saccule with air or fluid

A

Laryngocoele

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13
Q

CN involved in vocal cord paralysis

A

CN 10

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14
Q

Signs of croup

A

Infant with barking cough and inspiratory stridor from parainfluenza/respiratory syncytial virus

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15
Q

Signs of epiglottitis

A

CHILD/young adult with Haemophilus influenzae B infection, results in acute airway obstruction/difficulty speaking, inspiratory stridor, dysphagia, fever.

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16
Q

Carotid space: Hypervascular with salt and pepper appearance, T1-hypo, T2-hyper

A

Para-ganglioma (glomus tumour)

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17
Q

Hypervascular mass at carotid bifurcation

A

Carotid body tumour

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18
Q

Hypervascular mass between carotid bifurcation and jugular foramen

A

Glomus vagale

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19
Q

Hypervascular mass between skull base to jugular foramen

A

Glomus jugulare

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20
Q

Hypervascular mass at middle ear region

A

Glomus tympanicum

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21
Q

Carotid space: Heterogeneous avid enhancement, T2-hyper mixed solid-cystic mass

A

Schwannoma, CN10 (NF homogeneous enhancement, Schwannoma heterogeneous enhancement)

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22
Q

Carotid space: Homogeneous enhancement, T2-hyper target sign bright rim with dark center, widening/erosion of neural foramina

A

NeuroFibroma (NF homogeneous enhancement, Schwannoma heterogeneous enhancement)

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23
Q

Carotid space: Multiple neurofibromas

A

NF1 (Compare NF2 is acoustic neuromas/schwanomas)

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24
Q

Salivary gland: Stones dx and location

A

Sialolithiasis, submandibular or parotid

25
Salivary gland: Stones CT and MRI appearance
CT-opaque, MRI filling defect
26
Salivary gland: Enlarged gland, T1-hypo, T2-hyper
Sialo-adenitis, bacterial/viral/mumps infn or calculus, may have LN or abscess
27
Salivary gland: Thin walled cyst at floor of mouth
Ranula, from sublingual gland obstruction
28
Salivary gland: Bilateral enlarged honeycomb parotid gland
Sjogrens
29
Salivary gland: T1-hypo, T2-hyper enhancing mixed lobulated mass in parotid, calcs, surrounding capsule
Pleomorphic adenoma (Warthins is cystic +/- bilateral, Mucoepidermoid is similar to pleomorphic but more solid-cystic)
30
Salivary gland: T1/T2-var, heterogeneous enhancing solid-cystic mass in parotid, +/- calcs
Mucoepidermoid (Warthins is cystic +/- bilateral, pleomorphic is mixed lobulated mass with calcs and capsule) Can be well or ill-defined.
31
Salivary gland: Cystic, T1-hypo, T2-var mass in parotid, no calcs
Parotid Warthins tumour (pleomorphic adenoma is lobulated and enhancing with calcs and capsule, Mucoepidermoid is similar to pleomorphic but more solid-cystic)
32
Salivary gland: Bilateral parotid mass
Parotid Warthins tumour (pleomorphic adenoma is lobulated and enhancing with calcs and capsule, Mucoepidermoid is similar to pleomorphic but more solid-cystic)
33
Salivary gland: Major gland vs minor gland cancer type
Major (parotid/submand/sublingual): Mucoepidermoid or pleomorphic adenoma with malignant transformation Minor (others): Adenoid cystic Ca (ACC)
34
Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Posterio-Medial
Masticator
35
Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Posterio-lateral
Pharynx mucosa
36
Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Anterio-medial
Parotid
37
Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Anterior
Carotid
38
Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Anterio-lateral
Retropharyngeal
39
Parathyroid: Calcium and PO4 - Primary hyper PTH
High calcium, low PO4/bone density, from adenoma/carcinoma
40
Parathyroid: Calcium and PO4 - Secondary hyper PTH
Low calcium, high PO4/bone density, from renal osteodystrophy
41
Parathyroid: Calcium and PO4 - Tertiary hyper PTH
Both high, from chronic secondary hyper PTH
42
Parathyroid: Calcium and PO4 - Sarcoid/Vit D toxicity
High calcium, low PO4
43
Thyroid: Malignant criteria (7 criteria)
Taller-than-wide, >2cm, very hypoechoic solid, irregular margins, micro-calcification, vascular, locally invasive.
44
Thyroid ca: Micro-cals and cysts, ?I-131
Papillary, responsive
45
Thyroid ca: Macro-calcs, ?I-131
Medullary, unresponsive
46
Thyroid ca: MEN2, ?I-131
Medullary, unresponsive
47
Thyroid ca: Mets ++, ?I-131
Follicular, responsive
48
Thyroid ca: Commonest, ?I-131
Papillary, responsive
49
Thyroid ca: Post-RT, ?I-131
Anaplastic, unresponsive
50
Thyroid ca: Diffuse nodules
Lymphoma
51
Thyroid ca: LN mets appearance of US, CT, MRI
US/CT/T1 all hyper
52
Thyroid: Benign criteria
Cystic, spongiform, hyperechoic solid, well-defined margins
53
Thyroid: Solid nodule
Adenoma
54
Thyroid: Diffuse hypo-echoic with micronodules
Hashimotos (hypo-thyroid)
55
Thyroid: Hyper-thyroid with thyroid eye disease
Graves
56
Thyroid: Location of ectopic thyroid tissue
Lingual/base of tongue/sublingual
57
Thyroid: T1/T2-hypo diffuse
Reidels Thyroiditis (fibrosis)
58
Thyroid: Diffuse hyper-echoic, hypervascular enlarged thyroid
Graves disease (hyper-thyroid)
59
Thyroid: Appearance of ectopic thyroid on scans
Similar to thyroid so: US absent thyroid CT-hyper, homogeneously enhancing T1-hyper Technetium or Iodine scan to confirm

WlwG Old (22 decks)

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