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WlwG Old > WlwG Neck > Flashcards

WlwG Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 1 type 1

A

Adjacent to EAC

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2
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 1 type 2

A

Parotid

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3
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 2

A

Mandible angle to carotid bifurcation

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4
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 3

A

Infrahyoid neck along SCM

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5
Q

Location of: Branchial cyst 4

A

Adjacent to thyroid

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6
Q

Branchial cleft: Difference between cyst, sinus and fistula

A

Cyst = no communication. Sinus = incomplete track. Fistula = communication

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7
Q

Location of: Thyroglossal duct cyst

A

Midline thin-walled cyst, infrahyoid

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8
Q

Location of: Cystic hygroma

A

Posterior cervical triangle, T2-hyper non-enhancing

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9
Q

T2-extremely hyper with enhancement, US-hyper in infant/child

A

Infant haemangioma, associated with PHACES syndrome (posterior fossa, haemangioma, arterial anomaly, coarctation of aorta, eye anomaly, subglottic haemangioma).

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10
Q

Type of cancer in larynx

A

SCC

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11
Q

Cause of vocal cord nodules/polyps

A

Vocal cord abuse, benign

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12
Q

Dilated laryngeal saccule with air or fluid

A

Laryngocoele

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13
Q

CN involved in vocal cord paralysis

A

CN 10

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14
Q

Signs of croup

A

Infant with barking cough and inspiratory stridor from parainfluenza/respiratory syncytial virus

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15
Q

Signs of epiglottitis

A

CHILD/young adult with Haemophilus influenzae B infection, results in acute airway obstruction/difficulty speaking, inspiratory stridor, dysphagia, fever.

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16
Q

Carotid space: Hypervascular with salt and pepper appearance, T1-hypo, T2-hyper

A

Para-ganglioma (glomus tumour)

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17
Q

Hypervascular mass at carotid bifurcation

A

Carotid body tumour

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18
Q

Hypervascular mass between carotid bifurcation and jugular foramen

A

Glomus vagale

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19
Q

Hypervascular mass between skull base to jugular foramen

A

Glomus jugulare

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20
Q

Hypervascular mass at middle ear region

A

Glomus tympanicum

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21
Q

Carotid space: Heterogeneous avid enhancement, T2-hyper mixed solid-cystic mass

A

Schwannoma, CN10 (NF homogeneous enhancement, Schwannoma heterogeneous enhancement)

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22
Q

Carotid space: Homogeneous enhancement, T2-hyper target sign bright rim with dark center, widening/erosion of neural foramina

A

NeuroFibroma (NF homogeneous enhancement, Schwannoma heterogeneous enhancement)

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23
Q

Carotid space: Multiple neurofibromas

A

NF1 (Compare NF2 is acoustic neuromas/schwanomas)

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24
Q

Salivary gland: Stones dx and location

A

Sialolithiasis, submandibular or parotid

25
Q

Salivary gland: Stones CT and MRI appearance

A

CT-opaque, MRI filling defect

26
Q

Salivary gland: Enlarged gland, T1-hypo, T2-hyper

A

Sialo-adenitis, bacterial/viral/mumps infn or calculus, may have LN or abscess

27
Q

Salivary gland: Thin walled cyst at floor of mouth

A

Ranula, from sublingual gland obstruction

28
Q

Salivary gland: Bilateral enlarged honeycomb parotid gland

A

Sjogrens

29
Q

Salivary gland: T1-hypo, T2-hyper enhancing mixed lobulated mass in parotid, calcs, surrounding capsule

A

Pleomorphic adenoma (Warthins is cystic +/- bilateral, Mucoepidermoid is similar to pleomorphic but more solid-cystic)

30
Q

Salivary gland: T1/T2-var, heterogeneous enhancing solid-cystic mass in parotid, +/- calcs

A

Mucoepidermoid (Warthins is cystic +/- bilateral, pleomorphic is mixed lobulated mass with calcs and capsule)
Can be well or ill-defined.

31
Q

Salivary gland: Cystic, T1-hypo, T2-var mass in parotid, no calcs

A

Parotid Warthins tumour (pleomorphic adenoma is lobulated and enhancing with calcs and capsule, Mucoepidermoid is similar to pleomorphic but more solid-cystic)

32
Q

Salivary gland: Bilateral parotid mass

A

Parotid Warthins tumour (pleomorphic adenoma is lobulated and enhancing with calcs and capsule, Mucoepidermoid is similar to pleomorphic but more solid-cystic)

33
Q

Salivary gland: Major gland vs minor gland cancer type

A

Major (parotid/submand/sublingual): Mucoepidermoid or pleomorphic adenoma with malignant transformation

Minor (others): Adenoid cystic Ca (ACC)

34
Q

Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Posterio-Medial

A

Masticator

35
Q

Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Posterio-lateral

A

Pharynx mucosa

36
Q

Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Anterio-medial

A

Parotid

37
Q

Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Anterior

A

Carotid

38
Q

Para-Pharyngeal space displacement: Anterio-lateral

A

Retropharyngeal

39
Q

Parathyroid: Calcium and PO4 - Primary hyper PTH

A

High calcium, low PO4/bone density, from adenoma/carcinoma

40
Q

Parathyroid: Calcium and PO4 - Secondary hyper PTH

A

Low calcium, high PO4/bone density, from renal osteodystrophy

41
Q

Parathyroid: Calcium and PO4 - Tertiary hyper PTH

A

Both high, from chronic secondary hyper PTH

42
Q

Parathyroid: Calcium and PO4 - Sarcoid/Vit D toxicity

A

High calcium, low PO4

43
Q

Thyroid: Malignant criteria (7 criteria)

A

Taller-than-wide, >2cm, very hypoechoic solid, irregular margins, micro-calcification, vascular, locally invasive.

44
Q

Thyroid ca: Micro-cals and cysts, ?I-131

A

Papillary, responsive

45
Q

Thyroid ca: Macro-calcs, ?I-131

A

Medullary, unresponsive

46
Q

Thyroid ca: MEN2, ?I-131

A

Medullary, unresponsive

47
Q

Thyroid ca: Mets ++, ?I-131

A

Follicular, responsive

48
Q

Thyroid ca: Commonest, ?I-131

A

Papillary, responsive

49
Q

Thyroid ca: Post-RT, ?I-131

A

Anaplastic, unresponsive

50
Q

Thyroid ca: Diffuse nodules

A

Lymphoma

51
Q

Thyroid ca: LN mets appearance of US, CT, MRI

A

US/CT/T1 all hyper

52
Q

Thyroid: Benign criteria

A

Cystic, spongiform, hyperechoic solid, well-defined margins

53
Q

Thyroid: Solid nodule

A

Adenoma

54
Q

Thyroid: Diffuse hypo-echoic with micronodules

A

Hashimotos (hypo-thyroid)

55
Q

Thyroid: Hyper-thyroid with thyroid eye disease

A

Graves

56
Q

Thyroid: Location of ectopic thyroid tissue

A

Lingual/base of tongue/sublingual

57
Q

Thyroid: T1/T2-hypo diffuse

A

Reidels Thyroiditis (fibrosis)

58
Q

Thyroid: Diffuse hyper-echoic, hypervascular enlarged thyroid

A

Graves disease (hyper-thyroid)

59
Q

Thyroid: Appearance of ectopic thyroid on scans

A

Similar to thyroid so:
US absent thyroid
CT-hyper, homogeneously enhancing
T1-hyper
Technetium or Iodine scan to confirm

WlwG Old (22 decks)

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