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WlwG Old > WlwG MSK Conditions (excluding fractures) > Flashcards

WlwG MSK Conditions (excluding fractures) Flashcards

1
Q

Lucent-Narrow: hyperPTH

A

Brown tumour

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2
Q

Lucent-Narrow: young limbs with fracture

A

Bone cyst

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3
Q

Lucent-Narrow: old sacrum

A

Chordoma

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4
Q

Lucent-Narrow: mandible

A

Desmoplastic fibroma (“desMAND”)

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5
Q

Lucent-Narrow: young fingers

A

Enchondroma

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6
Q

Lucent-Narrow: young skull/hips/spine

A

Eosinophilic/LCH

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7
Q

Lucent-Narrow: adult limbs/sacrum

A

GCT

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8
Q

Lucent-Narrow: old fingers

A

Glomus

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9
Q

Lucent-Narrow: adult skull/spine sun-burst appearance

A

Haemangioma

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10
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: Fibrous, <20 year old (with pain/swelling)

A

Fibrous dysplasia (dysplasia, thus pain/swelling)

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11
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: Fibrous, >20 year old (with pain/swelling)

A

Myxofibrous tumour

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12
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: Rim sclerosis, <3cm, <20 year old (NO pain/swelling)

A

Focal cortical defect

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13
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: RIm sclerosis, >3cm, >20 year old (NO pain/swelling)

A

Non-ossifying fibroma

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14
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: Septated, <20 year old, fluid level/pain/lump

A

Aneurysmal bone cyst

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15
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: Septated, >20 year old, mandible and tibia

A

AdaMAN-TI-noma

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16
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: Pain/swelling, <2cm

A

OO

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17
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: Pain/swelling, >2cm with periosteal reaction

A

OB

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18
Q

Mixed lucent/sclerosis/fibrous narrow: Pain/swelling in cartillage with scalloping

A

CB

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19
Q

Sclerotic Narrow: 3 causes?

A

Morton’s neuroma, foot metatarsals
Ossifying fibroma, mandible and legs
Bone island/enostosis

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20
Q

Wides: Child

A

Ewings

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21
Q

Wides: Adult, periosteal reaction

A

OsteoSarcoma

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22
Q

Wides: Adult, cartillage involved with scalloping

A

ChondroSarcoma

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23
Q

Wides: Adult, moth-eaten with soft tissue involvement

A

FibroSarcoma (aka fibrous histiocytoma)

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24
Q

Wides: Adult, solitary punched out, bone erosion, soft tissue dense mass in elderly

A

Plasmacytoma
(Similar to MM but solitary)

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25
Q

Diffuse lesions: Lytic

A

Multiple myeloma or “Lytik = Lung, Thyroid, Kidney” mets
(Lytic = MM, Sclerotic = Myelofibrosis, Mixed = Mastocytosis)

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26
Q

Diffuse lesions: Sclerotic

A

Myelofibrosis or Prostate/Urothelial mets (Lytic = MM, Sclerotic = Myelofibrosis, Mixed = Mastocytosis)

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27
Q

Diffuse lesions: GIT/skin involved

A

Mastocytosis (Lytic = MM, Sclerotic = Myelofibrosis, Mixed = Mastocytosis)

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28
Q

Diffuse lesions: Mixed lytic/sclerotic

A

Mastocytosis (Lytic = MM, Sclerotic = Myelofibrosis, Mixed = Mastocytosis)

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29
Q

Causes of raised: ACA

A

CREST sclerosis

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30
Q

Causes of raised: AMA

A

PBC

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31
Q

Causes of raised: ANA

A

SLE/Sclerosis/Sjogrens/RA

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32
Q

Causes of raised: cANCA

A

Wegeners

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33
Q

Causes of raised: CCP

A

RA

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34
Q

Causes of raised: dsDNA

A

SLE

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35
Q

Causes of raised: pANCA

A

PSC

36
Q

Causes of raised: Ro/La

A

Sjogrens/Myositis

37
Q

Causes of raised: B27

A

IBD/AS/Psoriatic/Reiters

38
Q

Soft tissue masses: T1-hyper, not fat suppressed

A

Liposarcoma

39
Q

Soft tissue masses: T1-hyper, fat suppressed

A

Lipoma

40
Q

Soft tissue masses: T1-hypo, T2-hyper

A

Nodular fasciitis

41
Q

Soft tissue masses: T1-hypo, T2-hypo, painless

A

Fibroma

42
Q

Soft tissue masses: T2-hyper, aggressive

A

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma aka Pleomorphic Sarcoma

43
Q

Soft tissue masses: T2-hyper, US-hypo cystic in wrist

A

Ganglion cyst

44
Q

Soft tissue masses: Posterior chest wall

A

ElastoFibroma

45
Q

Soft tissue masses: Calcs from previous trauma

A

Myositis ossificans

46
Q

Soft tissue masses: Recurrent bleed from haemophilia

A

Haemophilic pseudotumour

47
Q

Joint disease: Causes of symmetric degeneration

A

OA (“LOSS” = Loss of joint space + subchondral sclerosis + subchondral cysts + osteophytes).

48
Q

Joint disease: Causes of asymmetric degeneration (painless, joint effusion, normal inflm markers) - Foot/ankle

A

DM Charcot joint

49
Q

Joint disease: Causes of asymmetric degeneration (painless, joint effusion, normal inflm markers) - Knees

A

Syphilis Charcot joint

50
Q

Joint disease: Causes of asymmetric degeneration (painless, joint effusion, normal inflm markers) - Upper limbs

A

Syringomyelia

51
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Only small joints, skin rash, soft tissue calcs

A

Dermatomyositis

52
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Only small joints, Finger erosions, soft tissue calcs

A

Systemic sclerosis

53
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Only small joints, face rash, deformed hands without erosions

A

SLE

54
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Small and large joints

A

RA, Caplan’s = RA + Pneumoconiosis (“RAP”). Felty’s = RA + Neutropenia + Splenomegaly (“RANS”)

55
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Large joints only, child

A

JIA

56
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Large joints only, adult with urethritis/conjunctivitis

A

Reiters

57
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Large joints only, Axial skeleton involved

A

Ank Spond

58
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Large joints only, hand involved

A

Psoriatic

59
Q

Joint disease: Causes of inflammation: Large joints only, GIT involved

A

Enteropathic

60
Q

Sacroilitis: Bilateral symmetrical causes

A

“Bilateral symmetrical EAR” = Enteropathic, Ank Spond, RA

61
Q

Sacroilitis: Bilateral asymmetrical

A

“RPG not symmetrical” = Reiters, Psoriatic, Gout

62
Q

Sacroilitis: Unilateral

A

Infection (pyogenic/TB) and cancer

63
Q

Metabolics: Location of Gout

A

1st toe MTPJ erosions

64
Q

Metabolics: Location of Amyloidosis

A

Shoulders/hips/knees/wrists in Dialysis

65
Q

Metabolics: Location of Wilsons

A

Copper in knee/wrist/liver/basal ganglia/eyes

66
Q

Metabolics: Location of hyper-PTH

A

Salt-and-pepper skull, brown tumours

67
Q

Metabolics: Location of CPPD

A

Wrist (TFCC calcs) + Knee (LOSS OF PATELLO-FEMORAL joint space (compared to OA)

68
Q

Metabolics: Location of Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease/Milwaukee

A

Supraspinatous, flexor carpi ulnaris, MCP

69
Q

Metabolics: Location of Alkaptonuria

A

Chondrocalcinosis with early heart and kidney failure

70
Q

Metabolics: Location of calcific tendinitis

A

Rotator cuff with subsequent resorption of calcium

71
Q

Metabolics: Scurvy vs Osteomalacia/Ricketts signs

A

Osteomalacia (adults)/Rickets (children): Low Vit D/Calcium/Phosphorus, renal failure, liver disease. Generalized osteopenia with looser zones (pseudofractures), fraying/cupping of physeal margin of knees and wrists.
- ILL-DEFINED Whitening, cupping and frayed appearance of physis

Scurvy: Low Vit C. Generalized osteopenia with pathological fractures and HEMARTHROSIS (joint bleeding).
- WELL DEFINED Dense thin white line at physis, cortical thinning

72
Q

Signs of Pigmented Villo-Nodular Synovitis (PVNS)

A

Synovial inflammation/mass-like proliferation in knee with EFFUSION/BLEED, subchondrial cysts with ‘feathery synovium, blooming artefact on GRE from haemosiderin (“PUNS BECKS = Bleed/blooming, Effusion, Cysts, Knee, Synovitis”)

73
Q

Signs of SAPHO

A

SAPHO (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis): Hyper-ostosis (increased density) and osteitis (inflammation) of STERNOCLAV and SI joints.

74
Q

Gaucher vs Sickle cell

A

Jew (Israel/America) with hepatosplenomegaly, osteopenia, pancytopenia: Gauchers

Sickle cell: Blacks
<5 year old = sequestration (blood pooling) causing splenomegaly, thus hypotension/cardiovascular collapse
> 5 year old = Splenic infarcts with autosplenectomy thus small calcified spleen

Systemic:
Hepatomegaly from iron deposition
Gallstones from calcium deposition
Anaemia, bone infarcts, extramedullary haematopoiesis
Cardiomegaly and sickle chest (consolidations)

(“Gaucher = Mainly organs, Thal = Mainly bones, Sickle cell = everything”)

75
Q

Sickle cell vs Thalassaemia

A

Sickle cell: Blacks
<5 year old = sequestration (blood pooling) causing splenomegaly, thus hypotension/cardiovascular collapse
> 5 year old = Splenic infarcts with autosplenectomy thus small calcified spleen
Systemic:
Hepatomegaly from iron deposition
Gallstones from calcium deposition
Anaemia, bone infarcts, extramedullary haematopoiesis
Cardiomegaly and sickle chest (consolidations)

Asian with marrow hyperplasia, bone infarcts, cardiomegaly: Thalassaemia

(“Gaucher = Mainly organs, Thal = Mainly bones, Sickle cell = everything”)

76
Q

Gauchers vs Thalassaemia

A

Jew (Israel/America) with hepatosplenomegaly, osteopenia, pancytopenia: Gauchers

Asian with marrow hyperplasia, bone infarcts, cardiomegaly: Thalassaemia

(“Gaucher = Mainly organs, Thal = Mainly bones, Sickle cell = everything”)

77
Q

Dense bones with splenomegaly dx

A

Myelofibrosis

78
Q

Cotton-wool skull with mixed lytic/sclerotic bone remodelling

A

Pagets

79
Q

Signs of Graft vs Host disease, and acute vs chronic

A

Acute if <100 days, chronic if >100 days.

Results in END-ORGAN DAMAGE (liver, ascites, pulmonary oedema, GIT wall thickening, dilation, stranding).

80
Q

Signs of Post-Transplant Lympho-proliferative Disorder (PTLD)

A

Lymphoma/NHL within 1-5 years post transplant, thus lymphoma symptoms + enlarged Lns. Nodules in solid organs and lung.

81
Q

Nec fasc vs Pyomyositis vs Cellulitis?

A

Necrotizing fasciitis: Following trauma/immunocompromise, tender, erythematous, necrotic fascia with greyish exudate, absence of pus/blood. Blistering/bulla formation +/- subcutaneous gas. Infection of FASCIA +/- muscle.

PyoMyositis: Infection of MUSCLES with abscess/oedema/swelling. Staph aureus.

Cellulitis: Infection of SKIN/subcutaneous layer, cobblestone appearance with fluid/infllamation. Bones/muscles/fascia usually normal, but may affect vessels (thrombophlebitis).

82
Q

Synovial thickening and enhancement following trauma

A

TenoSynovitis

83
Q

LCH workup?

A

Do Skull imaging, Skeletal survey and bone/PET scan, abdopelvis imaging.

84
Q

Degenerative vs Inflammatory joint conditions: Differences

A

Degenerative “DDDDD” = Deformity, destruction, dislocation, density normal, do not feel pain

Inflammatory = Reduced bone density (osteoporosis) with raised inflammatory markers

85
Q

Inflammatory joint conditions: Small joint causes mnemonic

A

Small (ie MCPJ/PIPJ in hands)
“DSLR” = Dermatomyositis, Systemic sclerosis, Lupus, RA/JIA (RA both small and large)

Large (ie Axial skeleton, Sacroiliitis, Limbs
“RAPE” = RA/JIA, Reiters, AS, Psoriatic, Enteropathic

86
Q

Inflammatory joint conditions: Large joint causes mnemonic

A

Small (ie MCPJ/PIPJ in hands)
“DSLR” = Dermatomyositis, Systemic sclerosis, Lupus, RA/JIA (RA both small and large)

Large (ie Axial skeleton, Sacroiliitis, Limbs
“RAPE” = RA/JIA, Reiters, AS, Psoriatic, Enteropathic

87
Q

Modic endplate changes Types 1-3 appearance on MRI

A

Modic endplate changes (MRI T1/T2): Type 1 (marrow oedema) = Low/High. Type 2 (fatty infiltration) = High/High. Type 3 (subchondral sclerosis) = Low/Low

WlwG Old (22 decks)

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