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Endo/Repro > Wk3 Gyn Path > Flashcards

Wk3 Gyn Path Flashcards

1
Q

infection of UPPER genital tract

A

PID

pelvic inflammatory disease

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2
Q

commonest cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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3
Q

Cause of bacterial vaginosis

A

decreased lactobacilli –> increased pH

–> overgrowth of G- anaerobe

**Gardnerella vaginalis

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4
Q

clue cells

A

bacterial vaginosis

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5
Q

Commonest curable STD in the world:

A

Trichomona vaginalis

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6
Q

What kind of bug is T. vaginalis?

A

flagellated protozoan

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7
Q

white plaques resembling curdled milk

A

Candida albicans

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8
Q

solitary

PAINLESS

ulceration

A

Syphilis

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9
Q

low risk HPV genotypes

A

6

11

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10
Q

high risk HPV genotypes

A

16

18

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11
Q

condyloma acuminatum

A

genital warts

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12
Q

koilocytic atypia

A

HPV 6 or 11

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13
Q

HPV 16 or 18 high risk for:

A

invasive squamous carcinoma

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14
Q

Two types of “Classic” vulvar dermatoses:

A
  1. lichen simplex chronica
  2. lichen sclerosis

**typically appear white (leukoplakia)

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15
Q

vulvar dermatosis

irritated, HYPERPLASTIC skin

A

lichen simplex chronica

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16
Q

vulvar dermatosi

Atrophic epidermis (thin)

subepidermal edema

A

lichen sclerosis

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17
Q

commonest tumefication of the vulva

caused by a duct obstruction

A

Bartholin cyst (Bartholin gland disease)

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18
Q

Mammary like neoplasm

A

Hidradenoma papilliferum

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19
Q

Wart due to low risk HPV

A

Condyloma

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20
Q

VIN (vulvar intraepithilial neoplasia)

reproductive age women

A

Common (HPV) type

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21
Q

VIN (vulvar intraepithilial neoplasia)

no relation to HPV

post-menopausal women

A

“Differentiated” type

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22
Q

non-squamous vulvar malignancy

post-menopausal white women

high mortality if > 1 mm thickness

A

Melanoma

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23
Q

intraepithelial adenocarcinoma

post menopausal white women

A

Extr-mammary Paget’s disease

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24
Q

Polypoid GRAPE-LIKE tumor

infants/young children

A

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

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25
Q

endoCERVICAL gland mucous retention cyst

A

Nabothian

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26
Q

BIG association with Cervical carcinoma

A

HPV > 95%

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27
Q

Area of cervix most susceptible to HPV infection

A

transformation zone

immature squamous epithelium

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28
Q

CHief sx of endometrial pathology:

A

abnormal vaginal bleeding

29
Q

Typical cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in reproductive age women:

A

anovulation due to adequate estrogen but lack of progesterone

–> no luteal phase –> proliferative phase persists no secretory phase or subsequent shedding of endometrium

30
Q

Chief cause of vaginal bleeding in post-menopausal women:

A

endometrial ATROPHY

31
Q

hyperplastic protrusion of endometrium

A

endometrial polyp

32
Q

cause of endometrial hyperplasia:

A

chronic estrogen excess

33
Q

histologic risk stratifier for progression to cancer in endometrial hyperplasia:

A

presence of ATYPIA

34
Q

commonest GYN cancer in developed world:

A

endometrial carcinoma

35
Q

major RF for endometrial carcinoma:

A

unopposed estrogen states

36
Q

most common type of endometrial carcinoma:

A

Type 1– arrises from hyperlasia

**good prog

**usually limited to uterus

37
Q

endometrial CA that arrises from ATROPHY w/no prior estrogen exposure

A

Type 2

**SEROUS/clear cell carcinoma

**older patients, poor prog

38
Q

Endometrial CA w/ cartilage, bone, muscle, fat

A

mixed Mullerian

39
Q

ectopic endometrial glands adn stroma OUTSIDE of uterine cavity:

A

endometriosis

40
Q

“chocolate cyst”

A

ovarian endometriosis

41
Q

endometrial glands present within myometrium:

A

Adenomyosis

42
Q

Commonest visceral tumor in women:

A

Uterine leiomyomas

43
Q

malignant proliferation of SM from myometrium

atypical nuclei

increased mitoses

necrosis

A

leiomyosarcoma

44
Q

menstrual irregularity

hyperandrogenism

enlarged ovaries

insulin resistance/diabetes

A

PCOS

polycystic ovarian syndrome

45
Q

Majority of ovarian neoplasms arise from which tissue?

A

ovarian surface– Mullerian epithelium

46
Q

Two types of epithilial ovarian tumors:

A

serous

mucinous

47
Q

marker for following ovarian CA after dx and tx:

A

CA-125

48
Q

What must be ruled out in mucinous borderline ovarian tumors:

A

mets from Appendix

49
Q

ovarian germ cell tumor containing:

skin/hair

fat

brain

teeth

etc.

A

Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)

50
Q

good marker for malignant germ cell tumors:

A

hCG

51
Q

female equivalent of testicular seminoma

A

dysgerminoma

52
Q

neoplasm arising from ovarian stromal cells surrounding oocyte:

A

sex cord/stromal tumors

53
Q

commonest cause of neoplastic Estrogen excess:

A

Granulosa cell tumor

54
Q

large sex cord tumors associated with ascites and pleural effusion

A

Fibroma/thecoma – “Meig’s syndrome”

55
Q

signet ring cells

adenoma from stomach

A

Krukenberg tumor

56
Q

mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis

usually from appendix

A

pseudomyxoma peritonei

57
Q

Dx for ectopic pregnancy:

A

serum hCG (less than 50% expected increase)

transvaginal US

58
Q

new onset HTN and proteinuria in pregnancy

A

preeclampsia

59
Q

placenta develops just proximal to or covering cervical os:

A

placenta previa

60
Q

RF for placenta previa:

A

prior hx

prior C-sec

multiple gestations

61
Q

partial or complete detachment of placenta during pregnancy:

A

placental abruption

62
Q

big RF for placental abruption:

A

severe preeclampsia

63
Q

Severe complications of placental abruption:

A

DIC

fetal asphyxia/death

64
Q

placental villi implantation in superficial myometrium:

A

placenta accreta

65
Q

placental villi implantation penetrates into myometrium:

A

placenta increta

66
Q

placental villi penetrates through myometrium:

A

placenta percreta

67
Q

increased risk for placenta accreta:

A

prior C-sec

68
Q

most common cause of PPH (post-partum hemorrhage)

A

uterine atony

retained placenta

69
Q

Read up about gestational trophoblstic neoplasms:

A

AKA: molar pregnancies

slides 295 –>

and pathoma

Endo/Repro (46 decks)

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