Wk1 Parathyroid Path Flashcards
upper pair of glands originates where?
4th pharyngeal pouch
lower pair of glands originates where?
3rd pharyngeal pouch
little dark cells that secrete PTH
chief cells
big pink cells that don’t do shit
oxyphils
Bottom line with PTH:
raises serum Ca++
What controls PTH release:
free Ca++
Most common cause of SYMPTOMATIC hypercalcemia:
malignancy
most common cause of Asymptomatic hypercalcemia:
hyperparathyroidism
Three causes of primary hyperparathyroidism:
- parathyroid adenoma
- hyperplasia
- carcinoma
Sx of hyperparathyroidism:
Stones
Bones – pain, browm tumors (blood)
Groan – GI probs
Moan – mental changes
lab findings in primary hyperparathyroidism:
high PTH
high Ca++
low phosphate
Commonest cause of primary hyperthyroidism:
adenoma
two gene defects possible in adenoma
PRAD 1 – overexpression
MEN 1 – loss or mutation
Definition and causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism:
**chronic hypocalcemia
- renal failure
- diet low in Ca
- vit D defeciency
tap facial nerve –> spasm
Chvostek sign
hypoparathyroidism – low Ca
